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MLA Research Paper Formatting

• MLA 9th Template & Paper Sample
• Finding Sources for Your Paper
• Detailed Comparison (Printable)
• Additional Resources

MLA Style (9th Edition)

• Sample Papers

You are going to love this! Save this template somewhere safe or e-mail it to yourself. Then resave it immediately with the name of your new document. This will keep your template safe and ready to reuse again for future assignments.

This template will be sufficient for most student MLA papers. For more information on formatting your paper, consult the official MLA Style website:  https://mlahandbookplus.org/books/book/5/chapter/56247/Introduction-to-Formatting-Your-Research-Project  or pages 1-14 in the MLA Manual. 

• Purdue Owl Sample Paper Sample paper is downloadable.
• Sample Papers - MLA Style Center PDFs available of the 2022 MLA Student Essay Contest winners.
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Writing a Research Paper

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The Research Paper

There will come a time in most students' careers when they are assigned a research paper. Such an assignment often creates a great deal of unneeded anxiety in the student, which may result in procrastination and a feeling of confusion and inadequacy. This anxiety frequently stems from the fact that many students are unfamiliar and inexperienced with this genre of writing. Never fear—inexperience and unfamiliarity are situations you can change through practice! Writing a research paper is an essential aspect of academics and should not be avoided on account of one's anxiety. In fact, the process of writing a research paper can be one of the more rewarding experiences one may encounter in academics. What is more, many students will continue to do research throughout their careers, which is one of the reasons this topic is so important.

Becoming an experienced researcher and writer in any field or discipline takes a great deal of practice. There are few individuals for whom this process comes naturally. Remember, even the most seasoned academic veterans have had to learn how to write a research paper at some point in their career. Therefore, with diligence, organization, practice, a willingness to learn (and to make mistakes!), and, perhaps most important of all, patience, students will find that they can achieve great things through their research and writing.

The pages in this section cover the following topic areas related to the process of writing a research paper:

• Genre - This section will provide an overview for understanding the difference between an analytical and argumentative research paper.
• Choosing a Topic - This section will guide the student through the process of choosing topics, whether the topic be one that is assigned or one that the student chooses themselves.
• Identifying an Audience - This section will help the student understand the often times confusing topic of audience by offering some basic guidelines for the process.
• Where Do I Begin - This section concludes the handout by offering several links to resources at Purdue, and also provides an overview of the final stages of writing a research paper.

Citation Guides

• AMA Citation Examples
• APA Citation Examples
• APA Sample Paper
• Chicago General Formatting
• Chicago Citation Examples
• Chicago Sample Papers
• MLA General Formatting
• MLA Citation Examples

MLA Sample Paper

• Theological/Philosophical Citations

The following PDF provides a sample paper written in the MLA style to demonstrate visually how the guidelines work in action. This PDF is used with thanks and full credit to the Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) , which maintains a robust online guide to a variety of style guides, avoiding plagiarism, and writing at the academic level in general. They are strongly recommended as a resource if you need something more in depth than this guide provides.

“MLA Sample Paper.” MLA Sample Paper - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University , Purdue OWL / Purdue University, 21 Oct. 2019, owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_sample_paper.html. Accessed on 28 Sept. 2023.

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• Last Updated: Jun 14, 2024 4:03 PM
• URL: https://libguide.umary.edu/citations

Introduction to Research Skills: Basics of MLA Style (9th Edition)

• Develop a Research Question
• Choose the Right Search Tool
• Search Tips
• Evaluating Library Resources
• Evaluting Outside Resources
• Recognizing Different Kinds of Sources
• Basics of APA Style (7th Edition)
• Basics of MLA Style (9th Edition)
• Basics of Chicago Style (17th Edition)
• Need More Help?

MLA Online Guides

• MLA Style Center
• MLA Style Center MLA Style Center is a free online resource offered by the Modern Language Association. Included in the website are Works Cited quick guides, an interactive practice template, and much more.
• Purdue OWL Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL) offers a complete guide to MLA Style, providing explanations of MLA guidelines for formatting, writing, and works cited references. Also included are example student papers and PowerPoint presentations.

MLA Sample Paper

• Annotated MLA Sample Paper This Annotated MLA Sample Paper is provided by Purdue OWL and illustrates the proper format and structure of an MLA paper.

Who Uses MLA?

The MLA Handbook is a style and formatting guide used in several disciplines, most commonly English and Literature. Please consult your assignment instructions to see what style is the best to use for your project.

Quick Formating Guide to MLA Style

Mla format basics.

Below is a brief overview of the basics of MLA formatting. This overview is not comprehensive, however, so please consult course materials and the official MLA Handbook. Always follow additional guidelines and rules outlined by your instructor.

General Guidelines

• According to MLA guidelines, the font for your paper should be 12 pt. It is suggested that you use an easy-to-read font style, such as Times New Roman. Check your assignment guidelines to see if your instructor recommends a particular font.
• Text should be double spaced and all paragraphs should be indented.
• In the top right corner of the page should be your last name (the author's) followed by the page number.
• Margins should be set to 1 inch on all sides of the paper.
• MLA papers typically do not have a title page. Instead, include your (the author's) first and last name in the top left corner of the first page of text. On separate lines below the author's name, list the instructor's name, the course name, and the date.
• The title of the paper is located on the line below the date. It should be centered and should use title case.

In-Text Citations

• For in-text citations, place the author's last name and the page number in parentheses (Last ##).
• If the author is called out in the text, meaning their name is used in the sentence needing the citation, then the page number is the only element included in parentheses. Example: Smith explored the potential impact of ChatGPT and other AI tools in the classroom (345).
• If there is no known author for a text, use a shortened version of the source title in place of the author's last name.
• If the author is a corporate entity, use the corporation's name in the place of the author's last name. When applicable, abbreviate elements of the corporation's name.
• If the source has two authors, include both authors' last names in the in-text citation [Example: (Smith and Johnson 35)]. If the source has three or more authors, the in-text citation should include the first author's last name followed by et al. [Example: (Smith et al. 167)].

Works Cited Page

• The Works Cited page should begin on a separate page after the conclusion of your paper. Include the title Work Cited at the top of the page, centered and in bold font.
• All entries on the Works Cited page are aligned to the left and double-spaced. Each entry should have a hanging indent, meaning any lines after the first should be indented .5 inches.
• All entries should be alphabetized by the left most element of the citation (typically the author's last name).

Print Style Manual

Online Resources

• Works Cited Interactive Practice Template This interactive practice template is offered through the MLA Style Center and provides interactive fields that can assist students in creating a MLA citation.
• Citations by Format This is a guide provided by the MLA Style Center which offers examples of citations for common formats students that students could encounter in their research.

Live Chat with a Librarian

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MLA Citation Guide

• Paper Format
• Books/eBooks
• Generative AI (ChatGPT, Gemini, etc.)
• Annotated Bibliography

What Is Required for MLA Citation?

MLA formats features  rules and guidelines that make papers and writing projects consistent. They cover the following:

• Layout of the paper (margins, spaces between lines, font size, etc.)
• Citations (source documentation) at end of paper  - titled  Works Cited
• In-Text  citations near quoted or paraphrased information

Two Types of Citations Needed

With MLA format, each information source  you use — such as a website you directly quote or an article idea you paraphrase (put into your own words) — must have the following:

1. a Works Cited citation

2. an In-Text citation .

1. Works Cited Citations

Works Cited citations provide details about sources used for your research project. Your Works Cited list goes at the end of your project or paper and includes information about each source that must be in a specific order. MLA calls this information Core Elements . Here is the list of Core Elements in order, including the punctuation that must be included after each element ( MLA Handbook , 8th Edition, page 20):

• Title of source .
• Title of the container ,
• Other contributors ,
• Publisher ,
• Publication date ,

Some sources don't require all of these elements. Click on the link below for more details.

2. In-Text Citations

In-Text citations (also called parenthetical documentation or citation) goes in your paper or project near the information you are using. In-text citations are required when you do the following:

• Directly quote  from a source by putting exact wording in quotation marks
• Paraphrase  from a source by putting ideas into your own words
• Summarize   from a source

Your in-text citation consists of the first item (or Core Element) in your Works Cited citation and a page number , if the source you used has page numbers. Often the first element you use is the author of the source. Click on the link below for more details.

MLA Format Examples

Changes in mla 9th edition.

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MLA 9th Edition Style Guide

Useful links, available at the wlac library reference desk, citation tools.

• BibMe   This is a fully automatic bibliography maker that auto-fills: MLA, APA, Chicago, Turabian
• Citation Builder   This is a web-based tool designed to quickly and easily generate citations for sources consulted during the research process.
• KnightCite   MLA, APA, Chicago
• Citation Machine   APA, MLA, Turabian, Chicago
• Scribbr APA and MLA

Citation Managers

Can't make it to the library? Chat with a librarian any time!

Modern Language Association   (MLA)  Provides a “universal set of guidelines” for citing sources across all format types and is commonly used iin English Studies, Language and Literature, Literary Criticism, Comparative Literature, and Cultural studies.  

Citing sources and creating a Bibliography:

• Gives credit to the author(s)
• Illustrates your ability to locate & evaluate appropriate sources
• Provides evidence for the arguments and conclusions in your paper
• Prevents plagiarism and copyright infringement
• MLA Style Center  - Use this site to get help with formatting your paper and citing sources. 
• Purdue OWL MLA Format - Use this website for more detail information on how to format your research paper or cite a source. 
• In-Text Citation - Consult with this guide to ensure you correctly cite your sources in your paper. 
• MLA Tutorial - A simplified guide to MLA style.  
• MLA Format: The Basics (Video)  - Learn more about the basics of MLA format by watching the very short 3 minutes video. 

Print Book with One Author: Author’s Last Name  (comma)  Author’s First Name  (period)  Title of Container (Book)  (italicized or underlined) (period)  Publisher’s Name  (comma)  Year of   Publication  (period) 

          Smith, John.  How I Survived High School.  Funny Press, 2015.

Ebook with One Author:  Author’s Last Name  (comma)  Author’s First Name  (period)  Title of Container 1 (Book)  (italicized or underlined) (period)  Publisher’s Name  (comma)  Year of Publication  (period)  Title of Container 2 (Database)   (italicized or underlined) (comma)  Location (URL)  (period)

Smith, John.  How I Survived Getting Married.  Funniest Press, 2018.  eBook Academic Collection , search-ebscohost-com.lasc.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xna&AN=102032611fakeurl&site=ehost-live.

In-Text Citation (From Columbia College Guide): In MLA, in-text citations are inserted in the body of your research paper to briefly document the source of your information. Brief in-text citations point the reader to more complete information in the Works Cited list at the end of the paper.

• MLA Paper Template Use this template for your own APA style paper.

• Last Updated: Aug 26, 2024 8:15 AM
• URL: https://libguides.wlac.edu/MLA

Featured Books

Cite Right: A Quick Guide to Citation Styles

MLA Handbook. 9th ed.

Available in Reference.

Rules for Writers with 2016 MLA Update

Available in the main collection and in Reference.

Ask A Librarian Help

How to Cite in MLA

Mla resources from the mla style center.

The links in the MLA Style Center reflect MLA Style 9th Edition. 

• MLA Handbook 9th Edition 1.0: Introduction to Formatting Your Research Project The following guidelines have been widely adopted by instructors and educational institutions to standardize manuscript formatting, making it easier for instructors to evaluate papers and theses and for writers to focus on making decisions about their research, ideas, and prose. more... less... Although these guidelines follow common conventions, acceptable variations exist. Follow the directions of your instructor, school, or publisher if you are asked to use different formatting guidelines. You should also be responsive to the specific demands of your project, which may have unique needs that require you to use a formatting style not described...
• Ask the MLA Search Our List of Frequently Asked Questions
• How do I cite generative AI in MLA style?
• Quick Guide: Getting Started with MLA Style via MLA Handbook Plus
• Quick Guide: Using the MLA Template of Core Elements bia MLA Handbook PLus
• * Quick Guide: Citation Examples in MLA Style via MLA Handbook Plus
• * Quick Guide: In-Text Citations in MLA Style via MLA Handbook Plus

MLA Style via Purdue OWL

The links in Purdue OWL reflect MLA Style 9th Edition. 

• Citation Style Chart via Purdue OWL:
• MLA Works Cited - Citations by Format Entries in the works-cited list are created using the MLA template of core elements—facts common to most sources, like author, title, and publication date.
• MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources (Web Publications) Websites, pages on websites, eBooks, images, eArticles, social media...
• MLA Works Cited: Other Common Sources Interviews; speeches, lectures, or presentations; panel discussions; painting, sculpture, or photograph; conference proceedings, song or album; film or movie; podcasts; digital files
• MLA Works Cited Page: Books in Print
• MLA Works Cited Page: Periodicals in Print (Journals, Magazines & Newspapers)
• MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics
• MLA Style Sample Paper
• MLA Style Sample Works Cited
• MLA 9th PowerPoint Presentation

MLA Style 9th Annotated Bibliography via Purdue Owl

The links in Purdue OWL reflect MLA Style 9th Edition.

• Annotated Bibliographies Definitions and format
• Annotated Bibliography Breakdown How to...
• Annotated Bibliography Samples Sample annotations from annotated bibliographies, each with a different research project. Remember that the annotations you include in your own bibliography should reflect your research project and/or the guidelines of your assignment...

Writing & Tutoring Center @ AEC Online Help

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Welcome to the Purdue OWL

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MLA Sample Works Cited Page

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This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/). When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice at bottom.

MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7 th ed.) and the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (3 rd ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.

Contributors: Tony Russell, Allen Brizee, Elizabeth Angeli, Russell Keck, Joshua M. Paiz, Michelle Campbell, Rodrigo Rodríguez-Fuentes, Daniel P. Kenzie, Purdue OWL Staff Last Edited: 2013-02-14 10:32:55

This handout provides an example of a Works Cited page in MLA 2009 format.

"Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund . Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.

Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New York Times . New York Times, May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009.

Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times . New York Times, 22 May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009.

Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth , dir. Davis Guggenheim. rogerebert.com . Sun-Times News Group, 2 June 2006. Web. 24 May 2009.

GlobalWarming.org . Cooler Heads Coalition, 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.

Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14.1 (2007): 27-36. Print.

An Inconvenient Truth . Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, 2006. DVD.

Leroux, Marcel. Global Warming: Myth Or Reality?: The Erring Ways of Climatology . New York: Springer, 2005. Print.

Milken, Michael, Gary Becker, Myron Scholes, and Daniel Kahneman. "On Global Warming and Financial Imbalances." New Perspectives Quarterly 23.4 (2006): 63. Print.

Nordhaus, William D. "After Kyoto: Alternative Mechanisms to Control Global Warming." American Economic Review 96.2 (2006): 31-34. Print.

---. "Global Warming Economics." Science 9 Nov. 2001: 1283-84. Science Online . Web. 24 May 2009.

Shulte, Bret. "Putting a Price on Pollution." Usnews.com . US News & World Rept ., 6 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009.

Uzawa, Hirofumi. Economic Theory and Global Warming . Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003. Print.

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Citation Guides: MLA: Citation & Formatting

• APA: Citation & Formatting
• MLA: Citation & Formatting
• Chicago: Citation & Formatting

Citation Style Handbooks

MLA Sample Paper by Purdue OWL

• MLA Sample Paper (Purdue OWL)

MLA 9th Edition Resources

• MLA 9th Tip Sheet An overview of MLA style 9th edition with citation examples and formatting guidelines.
• MLA Handbook Plus This link opens in a new window Full text access of the Ninth edition of the MLA Handbook.
• MLA Style Center: Quick Guide The MLA Style Center provides a quick guide to creating citations in the new 8th edition of the style.
• MLA Style Center: Interactive Practice Template Use this template to help you build your citations for your paper.
• OWL Purdue- MLA 9th Edition This site from Purdue University provides a thorough guide to the 8th edition of MLA Handbook.
• MLA 9th Edition: EasyBib guide This guide is broken down into multiple sections to help provide greater details on how to use the current edition.

MLA Style Tutorials

• MLA Style 9th Edition: Module 1- Style Basics Covers the basics of the MLA 8th edition, including its overall scope, how to format your research paper, and how to format the layout of a Works Cited page.
• MLA Style 9th Edition: Module 2- In-Text Citation Covers how to cite sources within your text following MLA Style 8th edition guidelines.
• MLA Style 9th Edition: Module 3- Works Cited Basics Reviews formatting issues that are common across multiple elements of an MLA citation, including how to deal with names, dates, capitalization, and more. Also provides an introduction to the MLA Practice Template.
• MLA Style 9th Edition: Module 4- Citing Books, Articles, and More Provides specific examples on how to format a Works Cited page citation using the MLA Practice Template and the formatting rules learned in Module 3.
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• MLA 9 Handout This Handout will assist you in formatting your MLA 9th edition citations.
• The MLA Style Center Get started with MLA style. Learn how to document sources, set up your paper, and improve your teaching and writing.
• Formatting a Research Paper (MLA Style Center) If your instructor has specific requirements for the format of your research paper, check them before preparing your final draft. The most common formatting is presented here. When you submit your paper, be sure to keep a secure copy.
• MLA Sample Paper MLA sample paper provided by the OWL at Purdue
• MLA Sample Works Cited Page A sample of a works cited page in MLA format from the OWL at Purdue

As a student at San Jacinto College you have access to Microsoft Office 365 online through your student email. Login to your student email through the My San Jac link below.

• My San Jac Access Office 365 through your San Jac Student email.

Find the "Word" app in the list of available Office 365 apps on your welcome screen. Alternatively, you can click on the arrangement of white squares just to the left of where it says "Office 365" in the black bar to see a complete list of apps.

Once Word Online opens, you will see a choice of document types to open, there should be one called "MLA Style Paper" if that template is not visible, scroll through all the choices and click "See More Templates" at the bottom of the page to search Office Online for the MLA Style Paper.

When working with Microsoft Office Templates, simply backspace over or highlight and delete the information on the page and enter your own information, the document is already set up with the proper fonts, margins and headings.

To access the special headers required for an MLA style paper, click on the Insert menu and then choose "Headers."

• Modern Language Association (MLA) Website The MLA Style Center: Writing resources from the Modern Language Association.

• MLA General Format from the Purdue OWL MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (8th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.
• MLA Overview and Workshop from the Purdue OWL This workshop will introduce you to the Modern Language Association (MLA) Style for writing and formatting research papers.

• Using Citation Generators Responsibly - Purdue OWL This page describes how citation generator apps work to show what’s happening when a writer uses one. Then, it offers a few “best practices” for using citation generators.
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MLA Handbook

Free microsoft 365 access, paper format, in-text citation, works cited page, workshop, slides, and tutorial.

• Getting Research Help
• To give credit to others for their ideas
• To provide support for your argument
• To help your reader find and read the sources you used

When to Cite

• Paraphrasing, summarizing, or directly quoting from any source
• Acknowledging another person for an idea
• Using your own previous work

How to Cite

MLA citation requires two parts:

• In-Text Citations: brief citations included within the text of your paper. They point your reader to the full citation at the end of your paper.
• Work Cited Page: a page at the end of your paper listing all the sources you use

Watch the Video

"This video introduces the purpose and basic conventions of citing sources in-text and Works Cited using the [MLA] Style, 9th edition, 2021."

" Introduction to Citation Styles: MLA 9th ed. " (3:38) by CSUDH Library is licensed under CC BY 3.0

All Merced College students have access to Microsoft 365 (formerly branded as Office 365), which includes Word, through student email.

• How to Use Microsoft 365 From Merced College's Technology Support Desk. Review FAQ number 2.
• Chapter 1: Introduction to Formatting Your Research Project Free chapter from the MLA Handbook (9th ed.). Use the Prev and Next arrows on the left to go back or forward in the chapter.
• MLA General Format From Purdue OWL
• Chapter 6 Citing Sources in the Text Access a physical copy of the MLA Handbook (9th ed.) from the Merced College Library. Chapter 6 is all about citing sources within the text of your paper.
• In-Text Citation From MLA Style Center
• In-Text Citations: The Basics From Purdue OWL
• MLA 9 Handout From the Merced College Library. The first page is for print and interview sources. The second page is for database and online sources.
• Chapter 5 The List of Works Cited Access a physical copy of the MLA Handbook (9th ed.) from the Merced College Library. Chapter 5 is all about creating citations for your Works Cited page.
• Works Cited: A Quick Guide From MLA Style Center
• MLA Formatting and Style Guide From Purdue OWL
• Citing and Formatting in MLA 9 Workshop Recording Faculty Librarian Lindsay Davis presented a MLA workshop through the Student Success Workshop program in February 2022. This recording was provided by Student Success.
• MLA 9 Google Slides Faculty Librarian Lindsay Davis' Google Slides from the MLA workshop through the Student Success Workshop program in February 2022.
• Citing and Formatting in MLA 9 Tutorial Faculty librarian Lindsay Davis developed this interactive tutorial. This tutorial will guide you through formatting a paper, creating in-text citations, and recognizing the core elements for creating works cited entries in MLA 9th edition. You will also find additional resources to help you cite your sources. The tutorial can be used independently or as an assignment. You can take it as often as you'd like.
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• Last Updated: Sep 10, 2024 9:32 AM
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• Citation Help Home
• Literature Review
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Handouts & Links ​

• MLA 9 Citation and Documentation (Excelsior)
• MLA Sample Paper (Purdue's OWL 2016)
• MLA 9 Formatting and Style Guide (Purdue's OWL)
• MLA 9 Style Center
• What's Different in MLA 9?
• Interactive Practice Template
• Style Center Sample Papers
• Citing generative AI in MLA style (New!)
• MLA Citation Style - 9th ed.
• Using Other People's Ideas

MLA Citation Style 9th edition Video

Formatting in MLA for Word Processing Programs

• MLA Formatting for Word 2019
• Setting up MLA Format Paper in Google Docs Step-by-Step (2020)
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Locating and Using Images for Presentations and Coursework

• How to Cite Images
• Alt Text Image Descriptions
• AI & Images

Copyright, Public Domain, and Fair Use

• Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States from Cornell University Library
• Copyright Overview from Purdue University
• Fair Use Chart from the Visual Communication Guy
• ALA Fair Use Evaluator
• Creative Commons Licenses

Attribution

Attribution : the act of attributing something, especially the ascribing of a work (as of literature or art) to a particular author or artist. When you have given proper attribution, it means you have given the information necessary for people to know who the creator of the work is.

The majority of images you find are under copyright and cannot be used without permission from the creator. There are exceptions with Fair Use, but this Libguide is intended to help you locate images you can use with attribution.

***Please read about public domain . These images aren't under copyright, but it's still good practice to include attribution if the information is available.

Citation General Guidelines

Include as much of the information below when citing images in a paper and formal presentations. Apply the appropriate citation style (see below for APA, MLA examples).

• Image creator's name (artist, photographer, etc.)
• Title of the image
• Date the image (or work represented by the image) was created
• Date the image was posted online
• Date of access (the date you accessed the online image)
• Institution (gallery, museum) where the image is located/owned (if applicable)
• Website and/or Database name

Citing Images in MLA, APA, Chicago, and IEEE

• Directions for citing in MLA, APA, and Chicago MLA: Citing images in-text, incorporating images into the text of your paper, works cited APA 6th ed.: Citing images in-text and reference list Chicago 17th ed.: Citing images footnotes and endnotes and bibliography from Simon Fraser University
• How to Cite Images Using IEEE from the SAIT Reg Erhardt Library
• Image, Photograph, or Related Artwork (IEEE) from the Rochester Institute of Technology Library

Citing Images in Your PPT

Currently, citing images in PPT is a bit of the Wild West. If details aren't provided by an instructor, there are a number of ways to cite. What's most important is that if the image is not a free stock image, you give credit to the author for the work. Here are some options:

1. Some sites, such as Creative Commons and Wikimedia, include the citation information with the image. Use that citation when available. Copy the citation and add under the image. For example, an image of a lake from Creative Commons has this citation next to it:  "lake"  by  barnyz  is licensed under  CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 .

2. Include a marker, such as Image 1. or Figure 1., and in the reference section, include full citation information with the corresponding number

3. Include a complete citation (whatever the required format, such as APA) below the image

4. Below the image, include the link to the online image location

5. Hyperlink the title of the image with the online image location

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• Last Edited: Sep 10, 2024 4:46 PM
• URL: https://guides.lib.purdue.edu/images