APA 7th referencing style
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What is an indirect citation or secondary source?
Citing a secondary source (indirect citation).
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An indirect citation or secondary source is when the ideas of one author are published in another author’s text but you have not read or accessed the original author’s work.
- Include both the original author and year and the author and year of the work where quote/idea was found in the in-text reference.
- Add "as cited in" before the author in the in-text reference. For example - (Harris, 2009, as cited in Lewis, 2019).
- In the reference list, provide the details of the work in which you found the quotation or idea.
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APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Secondary Sources
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Secondary Sources
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Sometimes an author writes about research that someone else has done, but you are unable to track down the original research report.
In this case, because you did not read the original report, you will include only the source you did consult in your References.
The words “as cited in” in the parenthetical reference indicate you have not read the original research.
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APA 7th Edition Citation Guide Secondary Source/Indirect Citation (as cited in)
Secondary source / indirect citation (as cited in...).
A secondary source (also known as an indirect citation) is used when the ideas of one author are published in another author’s text but you have not read or accessed the original author’s work.
Generally, it is best to access the original source for the information and cite that source.
If you cannot access the original source, use these steps to give proper credit:
- In the reference list, provide the details of the work in which you found the quotation or idea (this work is considered the secondary source).
- For the in-text citation, include the author and year of both the original and secondary sources. Add "as cited in" between the sources in the in-text citation. For example, (Smith, 2015, as cited in Jonson, 2019).
Reference Page Example:
Jonson, S. (2019). On the origin of sin. Penguin Books.
In-text Citation Examples:
Smith (2015, as cited in Jonson, 2019) believes that... ...(Smith, 2015, as cited in Jonson, 2019).
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FAQ: How do I cite a source quoted within another source (or how to cite a secondary source) in APA Style?
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Last Updated: Dec 20, 2024 Views: 50555
According to the APA manual it is best to "cite secondary sources sparingly--for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable, or available only in a language that you do not understand. If possible, as a matter of good scholarly practice, find the primary source, read it, and cite it directly rather than citing a secondary source” (American Psychological Association [APA], 2020, p. 258).
Example of a Quote by One Author Used in the Text of Another Book, Within the Text
In your in-text citation identify the primary source, and include in parentheses "(as cited in Author, Date)". The reference list will only list the secondary source. In the examples below, Smith's study is the primary source and Queenan et al. is the secondary ("as cited in") source.
Example In-Text Citation
Smith's 2008 study (as cited in Queenan et al., 2016) found that...
Example Reference List Entry
Queenan, H. R., Johnson, F. W., Yili, T. S., Sannefort, M. R, & Langman, R. C. (2017). Cyberbullying in American youth . Oxford University Press.
More Information
- APA guide (Shapiro Library)
- “Secondary Sources” page from the APA Style Blog (APA)
Further Help
This information is intended to be a guideline, not expert advice. Please be sure to speak to your professor about the appropriate way to cite sources in your class assignments and projects.
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American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
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APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Works Quoted in Another Source
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Work Quoted in Another Source
Sometimes an author of a book, article or website will mention another person’s work by using a quotation or paraphrased idea from that source. ( This may be called a secondary source.) For example, the Kirkey article you are reading includes a quotation by Smith that you would like to include in your essay.
- If it is possible to retrieve the original source of the quotation (in this case, Smith), verify the quote and cite the original source.
- You will add the words “as cited in” to your in-text citation. Examples below.
Examples of in-text citations:
According to a study by Smith (as cited in Kirkey, 2013) 42% of doctors would refuse to perform legal euthanasia.
Smith (as cited in Kirkey, 2013) states that “even if euthanasia was legal, 42% of doctors would be against this method of assisted dying” (p. 34).
Example of Reference list citation:
Kirkey, S. (2013, Feb 9). Euthanasia. The Montreal Gazette , p A10. Retrieved from Canadian Newsstand Major Dailies database.
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APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Works Cited in Another Source
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Sometimes an author of a book, article or website will mention another person’s work by using a quotation or paraphrased idea from that source. The work that is mentioned in the article you are reading is called the primary source. The article you are reading is called the secondary source.
For example, suppose you are reading an article by Brown (2014) that cites information from an article by Snow (1982) that you would like to include in your essay. For the reference list, you will only make a citation for the secondary source (Brown). You do not put in a citation for the primary source (Snow) in the reference list. For the in-text citation, you identify the primary source (Snow) and then write "as cited in" the secondary source (Brown). If you know the year of the publication of the primary source, include it in the in-text citation. Otherwise, you can omit it. See below for examples.
Examples of in-text citations:
According to a study by Snow (1982, as cited in Brown, 2014), 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework.
Note: If you don't have the publication date of Snow's article, you just omit it like this: According to a study by Snow (as cited in Brown, 2014), 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework.
In fact, 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework (Snow, 1982, as cited in Brown, 2014).
Snow (1982, as cited in Brown, 2014) concluded that "nightly homework is a great stressor for many students" (p.34).
Example of Reference list citation:
Brown, S. (2014). Trends in homework assignments. Journal of Secondary Studies , 12(3) , 29-38. http://doi.org/fsfsbit
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APA Style 7th Edition
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Works Cited in Another Source
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Sometimes an author of a book, article or website will mention another person’s work by using a quotation or paraphrased idea from that source. The work that is mentioned in the article you are reading is called the primary source. The article you are reading is called the secondary source.
For example, suppose you are reading an article by Brown (2014) that cites information from an article by Snow (1982) that you would like to include in your essay. For the reference list, you will only make a citation for the secondary source (Brown). You do not put in a citation for the primary source (Snow) in the reference list. For the in-text citation, you identify the primary source (Snow) and then write "as cited in" the secondary source (Brown). If you know the year of the publication of the primary source, include it in the in-text citation. Otherwise, you can omit it. See below for examples.
Examples of in-text citations:
According to a study by Snow (1982, as cited in Brown, 2014), 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework.
Note: If you don't have the publication date of Snow's article, you just omit it like this: According to a study by Snow (as cited in Brown, 2014), 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework.
In fact, 75% of students believe that teachers should not assign nightly homework (Snow, 1982, as cited in Brown, 2014).
Snow (1982, as cited in Brown, 2014) concluded that "nightly homework is a great stressor for many students" (p.34).
Example of Reference list citation:
Brown, S. (2014). Trends in homework assignments. Journal of Secondary Studies , 12(3) , 29-38. http://doi.org/fsfsbit
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IMAGES
COMMENTS
Follow these directions when citing a secondary source: In the reference list, provide an entry for the secondary source that you used. In the text, identify the primary source and write “as cited in” the secondary source that you used. If the year of publication of the primary source is known, also include it in the text citation.
Give the secondary source in the reference list; in text, name the original work and give a citation for the secondary source. For example, if Allport's work is cited in Nicholson and you did not read Allport's work, list the Nicholson reference in the reference list. In the text, use the following citation:
Nov 19, 2024 · An indirect citation or secondary source is when the ideas of one author are published in another author’s text but you have not read or accessed the original author’s work. Include both the original author and year and the author and year of the work where quote/idea was found in the in-text reference.
Jul 26, 2024 · APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Secondary Sources ... Formatting Your Paper; Secondary Sources. Sometimes an author writes about research that someone else has done ...
Oct 21, 2024 · Generally, it is best to access the original source for the information and cite that source. If you cannot access the original source, use these steps to give proper credit: In the reference list, provide the details of the work in which you found the quotation or idea (this work is considered the secondary source).
4 days ago · If possible, as a matter of good scholarly practice, find the primary source, read it, and cite it directly rather than citing a secondary source” (American Psychological Association [APA], 2020, p. 258). Example of a Quote by One Author Used in the Text of Another Book, Within the Text
Oct 17, 2024 · If you can't/don't access the original source, the basic rule is that in both your References list and in-text citation you will cite the source in which it is quoted (in this case, Kirkey). Do not list the original source if you have not read it. You will add the words “as cited in” to your in-text citation. Examples below.
6 days ago · You do not put in a citation for the primary source (Snow) in the reference list. For the in-text citation, you identify the primary source (Snow) and then write "as cited in" the secondary source (Brown). If you know the year of the publication of the primary source, include it in the in-text citation. Otherwise, you can omit it.
May 20, 2010 · To a reader familiar with the research in your topic area, the citations in your paper are one indication of whether you have a firm understanding of the subject and of the relevant research. By contrast, if you’ve cited secondary sources for ideas or quotations that you could have obtained easily (or relatively so), you may give the ...
Dec 3, 2024 · You do not put in a citation for the primary source (Snow) in the reference list. For the in-text citation, you identify the primary source (Snow) and then write "as cited in" the secondary source (Brown). If you know the year of the publication of the primary source, include it in the in-text citation. Otherwise, you can omit it.