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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Unani remedies are considered safe and can be utilized as a healthcare resource due to the adverse effects of conventional pharmaceuticals. For instance, Donepezil, used to treat alzhemier's disease exerts many adverse effects such as dizziness, vertigo, dryness of mouth. Similarly, Memantine used to slow the neurotoxicity involved in alzhemier's disease also exerts adverse effects like vomiting, tremors and sleep disturbance. Over sixty percent of drugs are derived from synthetic basis, highlighting the potential benefits of natural Unani treatments as a safer alternative. Neurodegenerative disorders are illnesses characterized by structural and functional deterioration due to abnormal protein aggregation, resulting in inflammation and oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In unani system of medicine all current brain ailments, including alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, mania, anxiety, melancholia and others are classified under the general category of neurodegenerative disorders Their pathogenic variables and soociated symptoms and therapeutic modalities are similar. This study focuses on evidence-based Unani herbs and polyherbal formulations for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. It reveals that 43 ethnomedicinal plants can be employed to treat the symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders. The material was gathered from several sources that tabulated the specific details of individual herbs and polyherbal formulations and highlighted the importance of various phytoconstituents on neuroprotective action. The research provides in vivo and scientific evidence to support the use of ethnomedicine in treating neurodegenerative disorders.
Aim of the study: This study aims to validate the efficacy of Unani medicines, traditionally used for neurodegenerative diorders through evidence-based research.
Methods: To scan single and polyherbal formulations for neurodegenerative disorders, a literature review of traditional Unani medicine texts was conducted. To collect evidence on the efficacy of these indicated medications in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, electronic resources such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar were searched. The current study is a systematic review that applies inclusion and exclusion criteria rooted in the classical symptoms of neurological disorders. It evaluates the efficacy of individual herbs and polyherbal formulations recommended by Unani scholars for treatment perspectives.
Results: The researchers have so far discovered 43 single drugs and 38 polyherbal formulations in Unani classical literature for treating various neurodegenerative disorders. These herbs have antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-Parkinsonism, anti-convulsant, cognitive enhancer, anti-anxiety, neuroprotective, and anti-depressant properties, with clinical investigations proving their efficacy. The study exclusively focuses on systematic review, highlighting selected clinical studies to assess their quality and reliability of evidence. These are discussed in the introduction to provide context and understanding.
Conclusions: After a thorough review of entire literature of Unani medicine, it is evident that has painstakingly focused more on physiopathology of diseases of Dimāgh wa A'sāb including their treatment protocols .These protocols include Istifrāgh (biopurification), Taskhīn (producing warmth), Tajfiīf (desiccation), Tafrīħ-i Taba' (exhilaration). Research into Unani medicine has shown promising results, particularly in the use of medicinal plants known for their neuroprotective properties. One of the key advantages of Unani herbs is their natural composition, which typically consists of bioactive compounds that exert neuroprotective effects without the harsh impact often associated with synthetic drugs. For instance, herbs like Brahmi(Bacopa monnieri), Waj Turki (Acorus calamus), Chilghoza(Pinus gerardiana Wall) and Asgand (Withania somnifera) and many other plants have been studied for their ability to enhance cognitive function, reduce oxidative stress, and support neuronal health. These herbs work through various mechanisms such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory properties, and modulation of neurotransmitter levels, all of which contribute to their neuroprotective potential. Nevertheless some of the compound formulations presented, that, have not yet undergone clinical testing. As a result, the researchers are advised to validate those medicines that have not yet undergone clinical evaluation.
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Doctrine of akhlat, relationship between tabiyat and asbab-e-sittah-zarooriah.
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Unani medicine , a traditional system of healing and health maintenance observed in South Asia . The origins of Unani medicine are found in the doctrines of the ancient Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen . As a field, it was later developed and refined through systematic experiment by the Arabs, most prominently by Muslim scholar-physician Avicenna . During the Caliphate (the political-religious Muslim state that began in 632 ce ), the bulk of Greek knowledge was translated into Arabic, part of that knowledge being the principles of medicine . With additional contributions of medical wisdom from other parts of the Middle East and South Asia, Unani medicine came to be known also as Arabian, or Islamic, medicine.
The history of Unani medicine can be characterized by the work of its practitioners, or hakims, who relied on natural healing based on principles of harmony and balance, uniting the physical, mental, and spiritual realms.
According to practitioners of Unani medicine, the health of the human body is maintained by the harmonious arrangement of al-umoor al-tabiyah , the seven basic physiological principles of the Unani doctrine. These principles include (1) arkan , or elements, (2) mizaj , or temperament, (3) akhlat , or bodily humours, (4) aaza , or organs and systems, (5) arwah , or vital spirit, (6) quwa , or faculties or powers, and (7) afaal , or functions. Interacting with each other, these seven natural components maintain the balance in the natural constitution of the human body. Each individual’s constitution has a self-regulating capacity or power, called tabiyat (or mudabbira-e-badan ; vis medicatrix naturae in Latin), or to keep the seven components in equilibrium .
As four simple, indivisible entities— arz (earth), maa (water), nar (fire), and hawa (air)— arkan not only constitutes the primary components of the human body but also makes up all other creations in the universe. There are predictable consequences to the actions and interactions ( imtizaj ) of the four arkan . As these elements act upon and react with each other, they continually undergo change into various states of “genesis and lysis” (generation and deterioration), due to ulfat-e-keemiyah (acceptance of a medicine by the body) and nafarat-e-keemiyah (rejection of a medicine). Skilled hakims claim that they can perceive, recognize, and observe such states.
The four essential mizaj (temperaments) are hot, cold, moist, and dry. Four more are compounded of those single temperaments—namely, hot and dry, hot and moist, cold and dry, and cold and moist. Possessed in different proportion, mizaj is balanced by all entities in the cosmos, including all plants, minerals, and animals. The equilibrium of the individual’s elemental combination and resulting mizaj , as determined by tabiyat , provides a stable constitution to that individual—in other words, health. Just as elemental balance keeps an individual in a healthy state, changes in natural temperament cause the health of an individual to suffer. Therefore, mizaj plays a pivotal role in Unani in characterizing a person’s normal state (physical, mental, and social), as well as the nature of a disease.
Hippocrates propounded the doctrine of fluids, or humours , of the body, and he categorized the humours into four groups based on their colour. These groups were refined by Galen and later by Avicenna. They appear in Unani practice as dam (blood), balgham (phlegm), safra (yellow bile), and sauda (black bile). The human dispositions corresponding to these humours are, respectively, sanguine , phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic. Each person is considered to have a specific humoral makeup, determined by the predominance of a given humour in his or her constitution. The quality and quantity of the humours in an individual—a person’s unique, proper, and proportionate humoral makeup—is said to guarantee health. Conditions other than this balance signal ailment or disease.
The theory of humours ( nazaria-e-akhlat ), which is the essence of the practice of Unani medicine, holds that the four humours are derived from and utilized in the digestive process . Their continuous action and reaction results in the breakdown of complex macromolecules into simpler molecules, which are then incorporated throughout the body in the form of fluid. These humours, the akhlat , suffuse the body’s cells, interstitial spaces, and vascular channels, affecting physical and behavioral well-being, and are most stable in a healthy individual.
In the Unani system of medicine, tabiyat is an individual’s internal power or capacity to withstand or combat disease and to perform normal physiological functions. Believing that it is only tabiyat that is engaged in actually curing a disease, Unani hakims hold that they only assist from “outside” by prescribing therapeutic relief. If not adversely affected, tabiyat can eradicate most infections without medical treatment, using what may be thought of as the natural defense system of the mind and body.
Unani medicine recognizes six physical, or external, factors, called asbab-e-sittah-zarooriah , which are essential in establishing a synchronized biological rhythm and thus living a balanced existence. The six asbab-e-sittah-zarooriah are:
Hawa (air), in which the quality of the air a person breathes is thought to have a direct effect on his or her temperament and, thus, health.
Makool-wo-mashroob (food and drink), in which the nutritional value and the quality and quantity of one’s food and drink are believed to ensure physical fitness by strengthening tabiyat .
Harkat-wo-sakoon-e-jismiah (bodily exercise and repose), which emphasizes the positive effects of balanced physical exercise on an individual’s internal resistance and tabiyat .
Harkat-o-sakoon nafsaniah (mental work and rest), which emphasizes the simultaneous engagement of the human mind in numerous emotional and intellectual activities. Just as the body needs systematic and planned exercise and rest, Unani medicine holds that the human mind and brain need adequate stimulation and proper relaxation as well.
Naum-o-yaqzah ( sleep and wakefulness), in which an individual’s health and alertness are understood as being dependent on a specific amount of sound sleep in the course of a 24-hour (circadian) cycle.
Ihtebas and istifragh (retention and excretion), which considers the metabolism of food and liquid as both affecting and being regulated by tabiyat . According to Unani medicine, the assimilation of food and liquid facilitates the elimination from the body of excessive and noxious substances. Therefore, to maintain a harmonic and synchronized tabiyat , certain beneficial end-products of kaun-o-fasad (genesis and lysis) are retained in the body while harmful ones are expelled.
These six factors are believed by Unani practitioners to directly affect the harmony of the human mind and body. Socioeconomic, geographic, and environmental factors are considered secondary factors ( asbab-e-ghair-zarooriah ) in the Unani system and therefore indirectly influence tabiyat . However, both the primary and the secondary factors must be closely considered in the Unani process of treatment.
Jamia millia and islamia is all set to start md and phd programmes in unani medicine from this academic year in collaboration with the hyderabad-based central council for research in unani medicine (ccrum) under the union ministry of ayush.
Charu Narula | Posted September 05, 2016 04:36 AM
Jamia Millia and Islamia is all set to start MD and PhD programmes in Unani medicine from this academic year in collaboration with the Hyderabad-based Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM) under the Union ministry of AYUSH.
They signed a memorandum of understanding recently after the ministry endorsed the proposal to foster research in indigenous systems of medicines in India.
The university plans to conduct an entrance test for these courses . There will also be interviews for the PhD. It will conduct the exam in consonance with the regulations of Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) and the university within the broader framework and guidelines of the ministry. The university will award the degrees.
The CCRUM will also help set up Hakim Ajmal Khan Chair in the university to promote Unani studies and research.
Speaking on the occasion, Talat Ahmad, vice chancellor, emphasised the need to modernise the old discipline by actively collaborating with people in advanced sciences like biochemistry and biotechnology. CCRUM through the Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine (CRIUM) is supposed to provide facilities such as hospitals, laboratories and other resources to run the programmes.
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1 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, People’s Dental Academy, People’s University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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4 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, People’s Dental Academy, People’s University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
5 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pthology, People’s Dental Academy, People’s University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
In recent times, oral diseases have gained an importance and are considered as a major health problem worldwide. Oral cancer, dental caries, and periodontal diseases are among the most important global oral health problems. Although new treatments and technologies for dealing with them are plentiful, nonetheless more and more patients are now looking for simpler, gentler therapies for improving the quality of life and avoiding iatrogenic problems. Traditional medical systems are easily accessible, cheaper and relatively safer than other conventional medicines. The time tested herbal formulations indicated in Unani material medica have been proven effective and safe. The exploration and identification of various botanicals used in traditional and complementary medicine, may lead to development of novel preventive or therapeutic strategies for oral health. The present scientific evidence based review is focused on possible role of Unani system of medicines in the management of various orofacial disorders.
Modern western practitioners suffer from ethnocentricity. Many believe that their medicine is the ultimate, and the only one that really works. We often forget that modern scientific medicine reaches only a relatively small group of people, and that perhaps over a third of the world has no share in it [ 1 ].
Allopathic medicine is too expensive and capital intensive for a developing country like India. Modern medical doctors are too few in certain areas and are not always ready to live with the poor in the slums, the desert areas, the remote forests, or the high mountains [ 1 ]. Along with it, the longer expectancy of life and life style related diseases have led to an increased risk of chronic, debilitating diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer and mental disorders. Although new treatments and technologies for dealing with them are plentiful, nonetheless more and more patients are now looking for simpler, gentler therapies for improving the quality of life and avoiding iatrogenic problems [ 2 ].
In recent times, oral diseases have gained an importance and are considered as a major health problem worldwide [ 3 ]. Oral cancer, dental caries, and periodontal diseases are among the most important global oral health problems [ 4 ]. There is a well-established link between oral diseases and the activities of microbial species that form part of the micro biota of the oral cavity [ 5 ]. The global need for safe, effective and economical preventive and treatment options for oral diseases arises from the increase in disease incidence, resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, opportunistic infections and financial considerations in developing countries [ 6 ].
Traditional medical systems are easily accessible, cheaper and relatively safer than other conventional medicines. Hence, the search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used in traditional medicine are considered as good alternatives to synthetic chemicals [ 6 ].
By considering the importance of various traditional or complementary alternative medical systems (CAM), we have reviewed the basic concepts and role of the five major CAM systems used in India i.e. AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy) and their use in the field of dentistry. The possible role of Ayurveda and Homeopathy systems in management of oral diseases have been already published [ 7 , 8 ]. In the current article we have tried to explore the role of Unani system of medicine.
Unani-tibb or Unani Medicine also spelled Yunani Medicine (in Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Persian) means “Greek Medicine.” Its origin is traced back to the Greek literature, which has been a source of quite a lot of scientific contributions and also was developed by Arabs and Persians into an elaborate medical science. Since that time Unani Medicine has been known as Greco-Arab Medicine [ 9 ].
Unani system of medicine is a great healing art as well as science. It treats a person as a whole not as a group of individual parts. It is aimed at treating body, mind and soul. This system is based on hippocratic theory of four humors viz. blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile [ 9 ].
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized the Unani System of Medicine (USM) as an alternative system to cater the health care needs of human population. Unani is one of the most well-known traditional medicine systems and draws on the ancient traditional systems of medicine of China, Egypt, India, Iraq, Persia and Syria [ 10 ].
Unani healing is vibrant and vigorous today and is being practiced, taught and researched under its local names in over 20 countries including Afghanistan, China, India, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Korea, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK and USA [ 10 ]. India has accepted it as one of the alternative health care system and has given it official status.
The dentist needs to be more informed regarding the use, safety and effectiveness of the various traditional medicines and over-the-counter products. As this is hardly explored part for the field of dentistry, there is a need for integration of professional dental treatment modalities and complementary alternative medical systems (CAM) to provide the best and unique from each system to patients as a complementary therapy and an alternative choice of treatment [ 11 ]. Literature search reveled that till date there is no published data enlightening the relevance of Unani system pertaining to field of dentistry, hence a scientific evidence based review focusing on possible role of this system of medicine in the management of various orofacial disorders has been undertaken.
In this review of literature, we only considered those studies that include individual plants or mixtures of plants consistent with the philosophy of Unani medicine. The databases searched for the current review were MEDLINE, NAPRALERT, and related databases, such as AYUSH Research Portal, Systematic Reviews in Unani, Web of Science, Indus Medicus, and Google Scholar; by consulting existing bibliographies; by using both forward and backward reference chaining techniques; and by tracking recent activities in the field of Unani which is primarily concerned with prevention and management of orofacial disorders. In addition, we also collected literature on traditional medicine and searched some Indian journals not included in MEDLINE. References that were primarily anecdotal or that were only peripherally related to the topic were excluded.
Unani System of Medicine considers human body as a single unit, made of seven components known as Umoor-e-Tabiya [ 12 ]. According to Unani philosophy, the body is made up of the four basic elements i.e. Earth, Air, water and fire which have different temperaments i.e. cold, hot, wet and dry respectively [ 13 ]. After mixing and interaction of four elements a new compound having new Mizaj (temperament) comes into existence i.e. hot wet, hot dry, cold wet, and cold dry [ 12 , 13 ]. The body has the simple and compound organs, which receive their nourishment through four Akhlaat (Humors) i.e. Dam (Blood), Baigham (Phlegm), Safra (Yellow Bile) and Sauda (Black Bile). Each humor has its own temperament blood is hot and moist, phlegm is cold and moist, yellow bile is hot and dry and black bile is cold and dry [ 12 , 13 ]. Every person attains a temperament according to the preponderance of the humors in his/her body and it represents the person’s healthy state. The temperament of a person may be sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric or melancholic [ 10 ].
Similar to Ayurvedic medicine, Unani medicine also recommends daily use of therapeutic procedures like chewing sticks for brushing of teeth in the morning as well as after every meal for the prevention and maintenance of oral health [ 14 ].
Many Unani physicians advocate use of herbal formulations in their Usool-e-Ilaj (Unani principles for treatment) for the prevention and management of dental health. Herbs which are advocated in Unani system like Miswak (Salvadora Persica), Haldi (Curcuma longa), Anar (Punicagranatum), Aqarqarha (Anacyclus pyrethrum), Suddab (Rutagraveolens), Amla (Emblica Officinalis), Aqaqia (Acacia nilotica), Shahad (Honey), Lehsun (allium sativum), Aspaghol (Plantagoovata Forsk), Babuna (Matricariachamomilla Linn.), Clove (syzygiumaromaticum) etc. are found to be useful in treatment of orofacial diseases [ 14 , 15 ]. Similarly, Unani formulations like Sunune Zard, Sunune Mulook, Sunune Mujalli, Buzidan, Majoon Suranjan, Majoon Azaraqi, Habbe Gule Aak etc. have been shown effectiveanti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect and are used in the treatment of orofacial diseases [ 15 , 16 ].
However, since most of the drugs which have been described in Unani material medica and are widely used by the physicians of Unani medicine in the treatment of dental diseases have still not been studied scientifically for their claimed effects. Therefore, there is an element of doubt regarding their efficacy and safety that can only be removed by scientific validation.
Scientific validation of Unani medicinal herbs with various oral health related properties: Unani formulations have been successfully tested over a period of time and have been used effectively for treating various diseases since time immemorial. Various herbs and natural ingredients with anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antiulcer genic, antioxidant and wound healing properties have been used for their pharmacological applications [ 17 ]. In this section we have reviewed various studies undertaken in recent time to provide a scientific reasons to some of the widely used Unani medicines and also have looked into the multitude prospects and perspectives of Unani system of medicine in management of orofacial diseases [ Table/Fig-1 ]. Various clinical implications of commonly used Unani herbs in the management of orofacial diseases summarized in [ Table/Fig-2 ].
Depicting the role of Unani system of medicine in the management of various orofacial diseases
Showing clinical implications of various unani herbs in the management of oro-facial diseases
: Adaptogenic and anti-stress activitiesof asg and in experimental animals have been found to be effective in protection against a variety of chemical, physical and biological stressors [ ]. These properties can provide a better assistance in treatment of patients with dental anxiety. |
:Gel containing has shown significantly greater clinical improvements in dental plaque and gingival conditions without any discoloration of teeth [ ]. Its antibacterial activity using fresh isolates showed inhibition of suspected periodontal pathogens such as and which can be of great clinical value [ ]. |
: The various parts of rose like hips, leaves and flower contain active ingredients like tannins and vitamin C which are proven to be effective as an astringent and antibacterial agents in various oral infections including gingival diseases [ ]. |
–Turmerichas been widely used in the management of oral diseases.Curcumin is the active component present in it. Turmerichas shown its effectiveness in dental pain, periodontitis, in dental plaque detection, and as colorant in pit and fissure sealant [ ]. It has been concluded that turmeric extracts can have a possible role in the treatment of potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions [ ]. It inhibits/suppresses metastasis of melanoma cells and may found useful in deactivating the tobacco containing carcinogens [ ]. |
: Many Extracts of have shown encouraging antibiotic properties and can be indicated as a novel antibiotic for the treatment of oral infections [ ]. |
:Studies have shown that the administration of Nigellasativa oil causes a significant rise in glutathione level, mucin content and free acidity and a significant fall in mucosal histamine content in ethanol induced ulcers in rats [ ]. |
: is highly recommended for its strong antioxidant and astringent activities. It is helpful in wound healing, gingivitis, dental caries, tonsillitis, and halitosis. Similarly, it also has few pharmacological properties like Analgesic, Antibacterial,Anti-ulcer, and Antipyretic. The ethanolic bark extract of willdwas found to be bactericidal in action against cariogenic s , and bacterial strains. These actions may be due to the presence of phytochemical constituents like Catechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechingallate, epicatechingallate, protocatechuic acid, poriferasterolacyglucosides, phloroglucin, lupenone,kaempferol,poriferasterolglucosides, dihydrokaemferol,Quercetin, Taxifolinetc [ ]. |
: Kulanjan’s rhizomes constituent a main compound called myrcene is used for mouth cancer, bad breath. Rhizomes have anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-protozoal, ant-allergic, anti-tumor, anti-ulcer and expectorant activities. It is also used as halitosis remedy. The major compound responsible for these actions is myrcene [ ]. |
: It is a popular Unanili quid formulation used for several ailments including dental problems. Main contents of kulzam include terpenes and their oxidative derivatives, which are believed to be highly effective antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory agents [ ]. |
: Ethanolic extract of rhizomes and roots on oral administration showedsignificant prevention of oral ulcers [ ]. |
: Due to strong antibacterial activity; chopped garlic held in the mouth for 5 minutes sterilizes the oral cavity. Similarly, fresh garlic juice has been found effective in killing Corynabacteriumdiphteriae [ ]. |
: It is a poly herbal formulation used in Unanisystem of medicine for toothache and related pain. It has been found that disease modifying properties of MS are responsible for its efficacy in various inflammatory conditions [ ]. |
: Is a small perennial evergreen subshrub, native to the Mediterranean region. It has been known as a kitchen and medical herb since the ancient times. The plant owes its name to Latin word salveomeaningbe healthy [ ]. The main material of Maryamgoliis essential oil. It also contains camphor, flavonoids, catechin tannins and antibacterial carnosol. Salvia extracts and infusions have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimycosal, astringent, antihydrotic and antilactative properties. The infusions are used for rinsing oral cavity and throat in cases of inflammations including purulent diseases, in couch and to assist expectoration [ ]. |
: Miswak has shown an immediate antimicrobial effect on and [ ]. It has also shown an analgesic effect to thermal stimuli which suggests its effectiveness in the management of dentinal hypersensitivity [ ]. Furthermore, Gazi et al., investigated an immediate and medium-term effect of Miswak on the composition of mixed saliva. They found that, Miswak produced significant increases in calcium (22-fold) and chloride (6-fold), and significant decreases in phosphate and pH which lead to inhibition of demineralization and promotion of remineralization of tooth enamel [ ]. |
: It is a sap-like substance (resin) that comes out of cuts in the bark of trees that are members of the Commiphora species. It has analgesic, antibacterial, astringent, anticancer properties. Its active ingredients are volatile oil, resin and gums. It is applied directly to the mouth for inflamed gums, bad breath, soreness, swelling, loose teeth, canker sores and chapped lips [ ]. |
– Neem is having well established analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, and immuno-stimulant properties [ ]. Similarly, it has both chemotherapeutic as well as mechanical antiplaque properties. This anti-plaque efficacy of neem stick was effectively demonstrated by Bandyopadhyay et al. They concluded that presence of gallotannins during early stages of plaque formation could effectively reduce number of bacteria responsible for periodontitis [ ]. The neemmouth rinse has also shown its effeciveness in treatment of periodontitis [ ]. |
has a bark, which can be used in medicinal formulations. The bark is rich in tannins which create an astringent effect. Tannins also help in creating permanent and insoluble complexes with microorganism proteins. The oak bark has a bactericide property, which inhibits bacterial growth and inactivates toxins. It also influences the capillaries by decreasing permeability and micro bleeding. Oak bark infusions are used in the treatment of oral cavity and throat inflammations, skin irritations, varicose ulcers, mild bleedings, frostbites and burns [ ]. |
Thymol and carvacrol are major compounds of thyme, origanum and satureja oils. Thymol precipitates in the form of blank crystals with a strong thyme smell. It has antibacterial and antimycosal properties. It has been found effective in 1–10% alcohol solutions to disinfect root canals in the treatment of pulp necrosis [ ]. |
( ): Thyme contains mostly essential oil, the minor compounds are thymol, tannins and gentians. Due to contents of essential oil with phenolic acids thyme has strong disinfecting and analgesic properties. Thym oil can be used as an antibacterial additive in the treatment of MRSA infections [ ]. |
, commonly known as ginger, has been widely used traditionally for a variety of medicinal purposes, one of which is for the treatment of pain. A systematic review conducted by Rohini et al., showed that is effective in reducing any type of subjective pain including those occur due to oral infections [ ]. |
In developing country like India, continuous increase in oral health disease has aroused as one of the important public health problem. Many oral diseases occur due to bacterial infections. Various medicinal plants with antibacterial activity contain potential bioactive compounds which help to minimize bacterial load in the mouth and prevent occurrence of dental plaque, caries and ulcers.
The role of indigenous herbs in the management of oral health and hygiene have a long history worldwide. But, this knowledge is likely to vanish soon as many of these ethno-phytotherapeutic remedies are followed only by a few in rural areas. New generation seems to be having ignorant approach towards this precious traditional knowledge. Many people of our generation have a deficient knowledge on the identification, collection, preservation and processing of the various species of medicinal plants. Therefore it becomes crucial to conserve and preserve these ethno-cultural practices before they lost in time.
In this paper a sincere attempt has been made to review various plants with medicinal properties which are mentioned in Unani system of medicine that can have an adjuvant role in the maintenance of oral health. Searched literature indicated that there are many Unani formulations that can be utilized in prevention as well as management of oral diseases. When screened according to the modern parameters, number of Unani herbs which are reviewed in this paper showed significantanalgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antiulcer genic activities. But among them very negligible percentage of herbal plant extracts are used in routine clinical dental practice and rest of others are not practiced because of their possible unknown toxicological effects. Therefore, various clinical studies are advocated to assess the efficacy as well as toxicity of these herbal products.
Furthermore, an attempt should be made to integrate the traditional knowledge of medical systems like Unani with modern conventional dental practice. For this, incorporation of active ingredients of herbal plants into oral healthcare practices are advised. Similarly, dentists should be encouraged and trained to use natural remedies in a proper scientific way. These efforts will help in making dentistry much safer, affordable and more accessible for the lower socio economic groups in the society.
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And he just wanted to optimize his health and athletic performance when he dipped his toe into the world of exercise science. Always passionate about using the latest training methods, Stampley decided to pursue a degree in kinesiology with the goal of becoming a strength and conditioning coach.
I chose the Arnold School to pursue my research because I recognized its immense impact on the public health and exercise science community.
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Welcome to National Institute of Unani Medicine. National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM) Bangalore is as an autonomous organization under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India working since 2004. This Institute is being developed as a model of post graduate, teaching, training and research in Unani System of Medicine.
Overview. National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM) Bangalore is as an autonomous organization under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India working since 2004. This Institute is being developed as a model of post graduate, teaching, training and research in Unani System of Medicine. The campus now houses an Academic Block, Hospital ...
Unani system of medicine (USM) is the oldest among CAM, which has an entirely different and promising concept to understanding all aspects of diabetes and offers a range of drugs to counter this ...
Press Release-GLOBAL EXPERTS ON UNANI MEDICINE GATHER FOR GROUND BREAKING NATIONAL WORKSHOP INAUGURATION AT CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN UNANI MEDICINE, JAMIA HAMDARD, NEW DELHI. ... Notice : Part-Time PhD Admission under "Visvesvaraya Ph.D scheme" 12-23-2019. 7 th International Congress of the Society for Ethnopharmacology, India (SFEC 2020)
Research into Unani medicine has shown promising results, particularly in the use of medicinal plants known for their neuroprotective properties. One of the key advantages of Unani herbs is their natural composition, which typically consists of bioactive compounds that exert neuroprotective effects without the harsh impact often associated with ...
Unani or Yunani medicine (Urdu: طب یونانی tibb yūnānī[1]) is Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced in Muslim culture in South Asia and modern day Central Asia. Unani medicine is pseudoscientific. [2][3] The Indian Medical Association describes Unani practitioners who claim to practice medicine as quacks. [4]
Recent News. Unani medicine, a traditional system of healing and health maintenance observed in South Asia. The origins of Unani medicine are found in the doctrines of the ancient Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen. As a field, it was later developed and refined through systematic experiment by the Arabs, most prominently by Muslim scholar ...
The document is aligned with the objectives of the WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-23. It reflects consensus arrived through established WHO processes from the community of practitioners in Unani medicine, health service providers, academics, health system managers, and regulators.
MD and PhD in Unani medicine Jamia Millia and Islamia is all set to start MD and PhD programmes in Unani medicine from this academic year in collaboration with the Hyderabad-based Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM) under the Union ministry of AYUSH. Share. Bookmark.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A manual literature survey of classical Unani texts such as Firdaus-al-hikmat, Al Qanoon-fit-tib, Kitab-al-mansoori, Kitab-al-kulliyat, and Kitab-al-taisir was conducted to collect the information available on the strategic approaches of health promotion and disease prevention in Unani Medicine. To obtain the appropriate English equivalent words for Unani terms and the ...
He is also a reviewer for many national and international journals and editor of many national journals of Unani medicine. He completed his MD at the National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore, India. Mohd. Sayeed Akhtar, PhD Senior Assistant Professor, Gandhi Faiz-e-Aam College, Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India Mohd.
The trial was designed as standard controlled randomized single blind study, conducted in Dept. of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine hospital, Bangalore. 45 ...
The Unani system of medicine traces its roots to Mesopotamia, the Babylonian civilization, and ancient Egypt, dating back approximately 10,000 years. It underwent significant transformations in ...
Unani system of medicine is a great healing art as well as science. It treats a person as a whole not as a group of individual parts. It is aimed at treating body, mind and soul. This system is based on hippocratic theory of four humors viz. blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile [9].
Check out list of top Ph.D in Unani Medicine colleges in India with courses, fees, cut-off, admission, placement, reviews, ranking, latest news, and more on careers360.com. ... All India AYUSH Post Graduate Entrance Test. Counselling Date - Round 1 - reporting at allotted institute. Online. Mode. 19 Sep'24 - 24 Sep'24. Application; Eligibility ...
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The awareness level about Unani system of medicine was good, 1016 (88.42%) respondents have heard or were aware of Unani system of medicine, of these respondents, only 480 (41.78%) respondents ...
September 26, 2024 | Erin Bluvas, [email protected]. James Stampley just wanted to continue playing his sport when he joined Louisianna State University's football team as a freshman walk-on. The fullback quickly became an essential member of the line up - securing a starting position for the next three seasons, which included the 2011 SEC championship and 2012 BCS national championship games.
Focusing on health conditions using natural medicine, functional medicine, and integrative medicine. Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Jackson, Ph.D., D.O.M., AP (FL), we partner with our patients to address a wide range of chronic health concerns in children and adults. We include diagnostic testing using comprehensive bloodwork and other ...
Rakesh Mittal MD PhD Internal Medicine • Saint Petersburg, FL. Hospital Medicine/Hospitalist. internal medicine. Join to view full profile. ... Internal Medicine, 1994 - 1997. S.N. Medical College Agra Class of 1987. Certifications & Licensure. FL State Medical License 1997 - 2025.
Alexander ZEMCHENKOV, associate professor | Cited by 841 | of First Pavlov State Medical University Of St Petersburg, Saint Petersburg (SPbGMU) | Read 72 publications | Contact Alexander ZEMCHENKOV
Dr. Veronica Clement, PHD. Neuropsychology • Female • Age 59. Dr. Veronica Clement, PHD is a neuropsychologist in Saint Petersburg, FL. She graduated from UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA in 1993. She is affiliated with medical facilities St. Anthony's Hospital and Orlando Health Bayfront Hospital. She is accepting new patients.