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Thesis and Dissertation Appendicies – What to Include

• By DiscoverPhDs
• August 12, 2020

An appendix is a section at the end of a dissertation that contains supplementary information. An appendix may contain figures, tables, raw data, and other additional information that supports the arguments of your dissertation but do not belong in the main body.

It can be either a long appendix or split into several smaller appendices. Each appendix should have its own title and identification letters, and the numbering for any tables or figures in them should be reset at the beginning of each new appendix.

Purpose of an Appendix

When writing the main body of your dissertation, it is important to keep it short and concise in order to convey your arguments effectively.

Given the amount of research you would have done, you will probably have a lot of additional information that you would like to share with your audience.

This is where appendices come in. Any information that doesn’t support your main arguments or isn’t directly relevant to the topic of your dissertation should be placed in an appendix.

This will help you organise your paper, as only information that adds weight to your arguments will be included; it will also help improve your flow by minimising unnecessary interruptions.

Note, however, that your main body must be detailed enough that it can be understood without your appendices. If a reader has to flip between pages to make sense of what they are reading, they are unlikely to understand it.

For this reason, appendices should only be used for supporting background material and not for any content that doesn’t fit into your word count, such as the second half of your literature review .

What to Include in a Dissertation Appendix

A dissertation appendix can be used for the following supplementary information:

Research Results

There are various ways in which research results can be presented, such as in tables or diagrams.

Although all of your results will be useful to some extent, you won’t be able to include them all in the main body of your dissertation. Consequently, only those that are crucial to answering your research question should be included.

Your other less significant findings should be placed in your appendix, including raw data, proof of control measures, and other supplemental material.

Details of Questionnaires and Interviews

You can choose to include the details of any surveys and interviews you have conducted. This can include:

• An interview transcript,
• A copy of any survey questions,
• Questionnaire results.

Although the results of your surveys, questionnaires or interviews should be presented and discussed in your main text, it is useful to include their full form in the appendix of a dissertation to give credibility to your study.

Tables, Figures and Illustrations

If your dissertation contains a large number of tables, figures and illustrative material, it may be helpful to insert the less important ones in your appendix. For example, if you have four related datasets, you could present all the data and trend lines (made identifiable by different colours) on a single chart with a further breakdown for each dataset in your appendix.

Letters and Correspondence

If you have letters or correspondence, either between yourself and other researchers or places where you sought permission to reuse copyrighted material, they should be included here. This will help ensure that your dissertation doesn’t become suspected of plagiarism.

List of Abbreviations

Most researchers will provide a list of abbreviations at the beginning of their dissertation, but if not, it would be wise to add them as an appendix.

This is because not all of your readers will have the same background as you and therefore may have difficulty understanding the abbreviations and technical terms you use.

Note: Some researchers refer to this as a ‘glossary’, especially if it is provided as an appendix section. For all intended purposes, this is the same as a list of abbreviations.

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How to Format a Dissertation Appendix

In regards to format, you can include one lengthy appendix or structure it into several smaller appendices.

Although the choice is yours, it is usually better to opt for several different appendices as it allows you to organise your supplementary information into different categories based on what they are.

The following guidelines should be observed when preparing your dissertation appendices section:

• Each appendix should start on a new page and be given a unique title and identifying letter, such as “Appendix A – Raw Data”. This allows you to more easily refer to appendix headings in the text of your main body should you need to.
• Each appendix should have its own page numbering system, comprising the appendix identification letter and the corresponding page number. The appendix identification letter should be reset for each appendix, but the page number should remain continuous. For example, if ‘Appendix A’ has three pages and ‘Appendix B’ two pages, the page numbers should be A-1, A-2, A-3, B-4, B-5.
• The numbering of tables and figures should be reset at the beginning of each new appendix. For example, if ‘Appendix A’ contains two tables and ‘Appendix B’ one table, the table number within Appendix B should be ‘Table 1’ and not ‘Table 3’.
• If you have multiple appendices instead of a single longer one, insert a ‘List of Appendices’ in the same way as your contents page.
• Use the same formatting (font size, font type, spacing, margins, etc.) as the rest of your report.

Example of Appendices

Below is an example of what a thesis or dissertation appendix could look like.

Referring to an Appendix In-Text

You must refer to each appendix in the main body of your dissertation at least once to justify its inclusion; otherwise, the question arises as to whether they are really needed.

You can refer to an appendix in one of three ways:

1. Refer to a specific figure or table within a sentence, for example: “As shown in Table 2 of Appendix A, there is little correlation between X and Y”.

2. Refer to a specific figure or table in parentheses, for example: “The results (refer to Table 2 of Appendix A) show that there is little correlation between X and Y”.

3. Refer to an entire appendix, for example: “The output data can be found in Appendix A”.

Appendices vs Appendixes

Both terms are correct, so it is up to you which one you prefer. However, it is worth noting that ‘appendices’ are used more frequently in the science and research community, so we recommend using the former in academic writing if you have no preferences.

Where Does an Appendix Go?

For a dissertation, your appendices should be inserted after your reference list.

Some people like to put their appendices in a standalone document to separate it from the rest of their report, but we only recommend this at the request of your dissertation supervisor, as this isn’t common practice.

Note : Your university may have its own requirements or formatting suggestions for writing your dissertation or thesis appendix. As such, make sure you check with your supervisor or department before you work on your appendices. This will especially be the case for any students working on a thesis.

In the UK, a dissertation, usually around 20,000 words is written by undergraduate and Master’s students, whilst a thesis, around 80,000 words, is written as part of a PhD.

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Dissertation Appendix – Components, Format & Examples

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An appendix is an integral part of every dissertation paper, serving as supplementary material that enhances and supports the research study. However, only a few people understand what the section is, where it must be placed, and why it must be included in a dissertation . Therefore, while not typically central to the dissertation’s argument, the appendix adds valuable context and transparency to the academic work. This post will cover everything there is to know about a dissertation appendix, from its definition and purpose to the components and format.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 Dissertation Appendix – In a Nutshell
• 2 Definition: Dissertation appendix
• 3 Purpose of a dissertation appendix
• 4 Dissertation appendix: Components
• 5 Dissertation appendix: Format
• 6 Referring to a dissertation appendix
• 7 Dissertation Appendix: Checklist

Dissertation Appendix – In a Nutshell

• An appendix is not part of the main body of the dissertation, but is still relevant to it.
• A dissertation appendix encapsulates all explanations that cannot be included in the main body of the dissertation.
• Appendices must be well-structured, and their components systemically organized to serve their purpose correctly.

Definition: Dissertation appendix

A dissertation appendix (plural –appendices) is an index at the end of a dissertation that provides additional information related to the dissertation paper. The section helps academic writers present background information related to the dissertation, but doesn’t directly answer the research question. These can include tables, illustrations and other graphics.

Purpose of a dissertation appendix

The primary purpose of a dissertation appendix is to help keep your dissertation paper organized and within the required word limit. It contains any additional information that isn’t directly relevant to the research topic.

Typically, texts that strengthen your arguments appear in your dissertation paper’s main body. However, there is additional information that isn’t directly beneficial to your research but might be helpful to your readers. That is where a dissertation appendix comes in.

Although they provide additional information, your audience should be able to understand the contents of your dissertation paper even without looking at the dissertation appendix. So, ensure you include all important texts in the main body.

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Dissertation appendix: Components

A dissertation appendix can include different types of information, such as:

Research results can be presented in various ways, including tables and figures. However, not all of these findings need to appear in the main body of your dissertation. Only results that are essential in answering the research topic should be included in the paper. Additional results (less significant findings), such as raw data and supplemental analyses, should go into the dissertation appendix.

Further information

Besides supplementary results, additional information related to surveys and interviews can be included in a dissertation appendix. These can include types of interviews, interview transcripts, survey questions, and details of questionnaires. Although these details are not critical to answering your research question, including them in the dissertation appendix gives credibility to your research.

Copies of relevant forms 

It is essential to include a list of abbreviations and acronyms and a glossary in the appendix if your dissertation paper contains many words that your audience might not recognize. This helps enhance readability and minimize confusion for readers. Your list of abbreviations and acronyms, and glossary should appear after the table of contents section.

Figures, tables, graphics

You can also include tables, figures, illustrations, and other graphics in the dissertation appendix if your research contains a lot of them. The appendix is the appropriate platform to include less important ones. Use tables and figures that support your research question but cannot be included in the main body.

Dissertation appendix: Format

There is no restriction to how you can format your dissertation appendix. You can opt to have one long appendix if you don’t feel the need to break it into smaller sections with different components. However, it might be a good idea to separate the components (such as interview transcripts and supplementary results) into various appendices to enhance readability.

If you choose to have multiple appendices in your dissertation, always start each appendix on a new page. Additionally, ensure you assign each page a number or letter. For instance, you can use ‘Appendix 2 – Interview Transcripts.’ Giving a unique identifier (number and title of each element) to each appendix makes it easier for the reader to navigate through the information and for you to refer to it in the main dissertation body.

When numbering tables and figures in multiple appendices, you should reset the numbering as you move to the next appendix (next page). For instance, if your ‘Appendix 1 –Raw Data’ has two tables and ‘Appendix 2 – Interview Transcripts’ has one table, the table in ‘Appendix 2’ should be ‘Table 1’ and not ‘Table 3’ .

Referring to a dissertation appendix

It is crucial to refer to each dissertation appendix at least once when crafting the dissertation’s main body. That helps justify the inclusion of appendices in your study.

There are two primary ways you can refer to a dissertation appendix in the main body:

• Refer to an entire appendix

“The interview transcripts can be found in Appendix 1 –Interview Transcripts”.

• Refer to an appendix component

There are two ways you can refer to an appendix component:

• Refer to specific figures or tables in brackets (parenthetical reference). For example, “The results (refer to Table 1 Appendix 3) indicate a slight decline in the number of new infections”.
• Include the reference in a sentence within the main body (descriptive reference). For example, “As shown in Table 1 of Appendix 3, there is a slight decline in the number of new infections” .

If your paper has one long dissertation appendix, it is good practice to refer to its components in uppercase, but it is not mandatory. However, it is important to maintain consistency throughout your entire paper, the same way you capitalize your headings and titles in academic work.

Although you are free to choose what case to use, you should always use lower-case when referring to appendices in general.

“The appendices at the end of this paper contain additional information about the area of research.”

Dissertation Appendix: Checklist

• Each dissertation appendix starts on a fresh page
• My appendices contain relevant information, but they are not essential in answering my research question
• I have referred to each of my appendices at least once in the main body
• The content of my appendices (tables and figures) are clearly labelled
• My appendices are easy to understand and refer to

What is a dissertation appendix?

A dissertation appendix is a section of your dissertation that you use to provide additional data related to your main study but is not essential to answering the primary research question.

What should I include in my appendix?

Your appendix should contain additional information relevant to the dissertation but not directly important to answering your main questions. These can include supplementary results, tables, interview questions and transcripts.

Do I need an appendix in my dissertation?

If you have a lot of additional information, it is important to have an appendix in your dissertation. Appendices help provide readers with details that support your research without breaking the flow of the main body.

Can my dissertation paper have multiple appendices?

Yes. Your dissertation paper can have more than one appendix. Ensure you properly label each appendix (Appendix A or Appendix 1) if your paper has multiple appendices.

Is it appendices or appendixes?

Appendices and appendixes are both correct plurals for the term appendix. However, many scholars prefer using ‘appendices’ over ‘appendixes.’

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Appendix(es) (optional).

Refer to either the Sample (Straight Numbering) or Sample (Decimal Numbering) pages as you read through this section. Note: For the Appendices, you should use the same numbering style you chose for the Main Text.

The appendix is a section that is placed at the end of the thesis and may contain material such as tables, figures, maps, photographs, raw data, computer programs, musical examples, interview questions, sample questionnaires, CDs, and many other types of material.

• An appendix is considered a chapter equivalent and the appendix title should be formatted like a chapter title.
• Multiple appendices should be numbered A, B, C, and so on. Each appendix should be treated as a separate chapter equivalent and will therefore start on a new page.
• Page numbers used in the appendix must continue from the main text.
• As a best practice, include your IRB approval letter (if applicable) in an appendix.
• Do not include a curriculum vitae or author's biography in your thesis; the Graduate College no longer accepts these sections.

As part of the thesis, any appendix materials must be reviewed and approved by the director of research and committee.

The thesis or dissertation itself should be understandable without the supplemental appendix materials.

As part of the ETD submission, students may upload supplemental electronic files as part of their thesis or dissertation. These files are considered appendix items, and an appendix page must be included as part of the thesis and should be numbered accordingly. This page should include an appendix title, such as “Appendix A: Interview Transcriptions,” and a brief description of the material along with the name of the file in which the material is contained.

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• Dissertation

An appendix is vital to a dissertation, showcasing your completed work. It should be crafted with the same care as other research sections. This guide provides precise instructions for proper preparation.

What is an Appendix in a Dissertation?

Appendices are sections in dissertations that contain nonstandard data. The goal is to improve the quality of work and make it more reliable and evident. You should use this section to show your readers how competent you are and how deep the topic is. A table, an image, a map, and documents related to your research are contained in this section.

These pages are usually found at the end of a dissertation. The volume of appendices is not considered when calculating the total work size. Without attachments, your main text should be 70 pages if your research requires 70 pages. Uncover the secrets to effectively incorporating appendices into your dissertation with our step-by-step guide on how to write the appendix of a dissertation.

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Why is an appendix important for research.

The role of an appendix in a paper must be understood before learning what it is. The most common appendix format is APA, but that is not always necessary. The format of appendices differs slightly from that of the body of the text.

Appendices in APA papers contain information that would not fit in the body of the essay, such as detailed or complex information. To avoid overwhelming the readers with information, that section was created. It helps you keep your essay focused on the topic instead of explaining everything.

Any large materials not included in the work text are placed in the appendix. All information provided here is for informational and reference purposes only. Consider a situation in which research conclusions are in disagreement. After that, you can clarify the situation with detailed data from the appendices.

Example: Several conclusions of the defense commission were questioned by members of the commission. Afterwards, you can illustrate how the application form is constructed and how the answers are analyzed. Due to their large volume, these documents do not make sense to include in work text. Nonetheless, this part is extremely helpful in proving that the process is correct.

• It is important to include appendices to dissertations as they provide more information on the topic.
• The words in a research paper are maintained by this method.
• It is important to provide background information about your topic or subject in the appendix section.
• Content flow is prevented from being disrupted by it.
• Research reports can be made clearer and more concise by including the appendix.

What is Included in an Appendix?

There are several kinds of supplementary information that can be added to an appendix in a dissertation:

Research Results

The results of the research can be presented in a number of ways, including tables and diagrams. The main body of your dissertation will not be able to include all your results, even though they are useful to some extent. It is, therefore, critical that only those facts are included to answer your research question.

The appendix should include raw data, proof of control measures, and other supplemental materials that are less significant.

Details of Questionnaires and Interviews

If you have conducted surveys or interviews, you can include their details. The following can be included:

• Transcripts of interviews,
• If there are any survey questions, a copy of them,
• Results of the questionnaire.

In the appendix of the dissertation, you can include the full form of your surveys, questionnaires, and interviews, even though their results should be presented and discussed in your main text.

Tables, Figures, and Illustrations

It may be helpful to include the less important tables, figures, and illustrative materials in your appendix if your dissertation contains a large number of them. It is possible to present data and trend lines (each identified by a different color) from four related datasets on a single chart and to provide further breakdowns for each dataset in the appendix.

Correspondence and Letters

This section should include any correspondence you have, whether it is between yourself and other researchers or the places where you sought permission to re-use copyrighted material. In this way, you can prevent plagiarism accusations against your dissertation.

List of Abbreviations

An appendix with abbreviations should be included in most dissertations; if not, it would be wise to include one at the beginning.

Your readers may not have the same background as you, so abbreviations and technical terms may be difficult to understand for them.

FYI: Researchers sometimes refer to this as a glossary, especially if it is included as an appendix. There is no difference between this and a list of abbreviations for all intents and purposes.

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What is the Method of Formatting an Appendix?

There is no need to break up your appendix into different components if you prefer to have one long appendix in your dissertation.

However, you might consider separating questionnaire responses, findings, key phrases, and key terms into appendices to make it easier for your readers to understand the information.

You should include multiple appendices within your document, each with its own title and number, like " Appendix 7-Survey questions ". By doing so, the reader and researcher can see every section of the appendix clearly.

For each element directly linked to an appendix in the main body, it is also recommended to include the number and title so that the reader knows what you are referring to.

Number each appendix separately, as well as tables and figures. Thus, the first table or figure in a new appendix would be called Table 1 or Figure 1.

Referring to the Appendix in the Main Body

Your dissertation's main body should include an indication of all appendices at least once. Be sure to indicate the appendix number within the text of the main body (called descriptive reference) to highlight it for readers.

Researchers are not required to capitalize it since that is up to their own discretion. A specific illustration or table can also be mentioned within the appendix (for example, a graph or table).

Example 1: Whenever you are talking about an entire appendix

Appendix 1 shows the results of the focus-group interview...

Detailed information about how the sample population was gathered can be found in Appendix 2.

Example 2: In the case of an appendix component

According to these findings (see Appendix 1, Table 2)...

There are several factors that lead to an increase in sales, as shown in Table 2 in Appendix 1.

When referring to an Appendix, using uppercase would be a good idea. Nevertheless, you may choose to use lower-case, for example, 'The appendices at the end of the document contain relevant information regarding the questionnaire responses.'

What is the Process of Writing an Appendix?

Below is the detailed process with useful tips to keep in mind:

Step 1: Collecting Data

Collect and include raw data in your paper's appendix to support findings and engage your reader effectively. Include relevant information discussed in your paper, sample calculations, specialized details, and cited factual data for enhanced clarity. Include graphs, charts, or images to support your argument.

 As well as text, the appendix should include images, maps, drawings, diagrams, and graphs. Visuals should only be included in your paper if they are supporting your findings. If you create graphs or charts yourself or obtain them from another source, you may include them. If you include a visual that is not your own, be sure to cite it properly.

Document your research instruments in the appendix, like video cameras or tape recorders. Explaining their use in data collection aids reader understanding.

Example: If you want to record the interviews and surveys, you may include the following statement in the appendix: " Interviews and surveys were conducted privately and recorded."

Include interview and survey transcripts in your appendix, featuring questions and answers. Save hand-completed surveys or digital copies. Add relevant correspondence with subjects, like emails, letters, and notes.

Step 2: Formatting the Appendix

Give a title to the appendix. It is important to title the appendix at the top of the page clearly. You can use the same font and size for your chapter headings as you used in your paper or essay, for example, "Appendix." Use all capital letters, such as "APPENDIX," or sentence case, such as "Appendix."

Organize your appendices alphabetically or numerically if you have more than one. The appendices should be labeled "Appendix A," "Appendix B," etc., if you are using letters. You should title your appendices "Appendix 1," "Appendix 2," etc., if you are using numbers.

You should begin each appendix on a new page if you have more than one. By doing so, the reader will not be confused about where one appendix ends and another begins. The appendix should be arranged in a particular order. According to where the content appears in the text, you should order the content in the appendix. Making the appendix more user-friendly and accessible will make it more user-friendly.

The raw data in your appendix should be placed first if it is referred to in your paper's first line. The interview questions should appear at the end of your appendix if you mention them at the end of your paper.

List references before the appendix, per the professor's instructions. Include an appendix in the table of contents, numbering them consistently with your paper, typically starting from the last page of the main text (e.g., page 27). Maintain formatting consistency throughout.

Step 3: Clarify and Cohere the Appendix

Appendices do not have a standard number of pages or words, but they should not be long-winded. Ensure all the information in the appendix or appendices pertains to the text. If there is information that doesn't relate to the text or illuminates it in some way, remove it. Your paper may appear unprofessional and cluttered if you have an overly long appendix.

You may find it useful if you have a mentor or peer who can read the appendix. You should ask them if all the information included in the paper is relevant, and you should remove any information they feel is unnecessary.

Make sure that your work is error-free. Ensure there are no spelling, grammar, or punctuation errors in the appendix. Try to review the appendix on your own and use spell check on your computer. Be sure to read the appendix backward so that any spelling errors can be identified. Professionalism is important when it comes to the appendix.

If you note an appendix in your text, you might write: "I feel my research was conclusive (see Appendix A for interview notes)," or "My research produced the same results in both cases."

Where Do You Place Your Appendices?

In most cases, appendices are placed after the main body and after the references. Separate appendices can also be included with the paper as part of a separate document.

A Quick Checklist to Follow:

Even though glossaries can be included in appendices, they are not appendices. An appendix should contain all information that can be found in the main document.

• The material related to your research topic can be supplementary or indirectly related. The matter to be included in the appendix should be decided by you.
• It should be started on a new page.
• Divide the material into sections based on the type of material you used, such as graphs, charts, interviews, etc. Appendices should then be made and numbered appropriately with titles.
• The title and sub-title of each appendix should be included.
• You need to make sure that the section is clearly formatted and easy to trace since it will be referred to at least once in the main body.

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What is the Difference Between Appendixes and Appendices?

Are you wondering whether to use appendixes or appendices? The two may seem to be correct to you. Is one more common than the other? We will explain it quickly!

Over the past few decades, American English has taken the following views:

"Appendixes" used to be regarded as a supplementary component of the body, incorrectly representing the plural of "Appendix." The accurate plural form is "Appendices."

Unfortunately, many people chose the wrong variant by mistake. So, with English being constantly evolving, it began to spread out quickly. In academic and public documents, this variant began to appear. As of today, both words are accepted as correct by modern dictionaries. In recent years, "appendices" have become more popular.

If you are interested in other publications in your field, we recommend you look them up. Take a look at the words they are using.

What are Some Tips for Writing an Appendix for a Dissertation?

Below are some to keep in mind when writing the perfect appendix:

Check Out a Few Examples

An appendix or several appendices are attached to every book, dissertation, research paper, or academic article. It would be helpful if you reviewed a few appendices before writing your own. It may be helpful to use examples to better understand the structure and format of an appendix and the components that might be included. It is easy to find many examples of this kind online.

When Referring to an Appendix

If you prepare an appendix, include a few notes referring to it in your dissertation's main body. One element or point at a time should be referred to. It is not enough to say, "Refer to the appendix at the end of this thesis." Instead, use something like 'Refer to Appendix 2, point 4, to learn more about table 2.3.

Divide Elements and Their Explanations into at Least Two Columns

An appendix should be prepared with a column for the words or phrases and a column for their explanations. Organizing your appendix this way would make it neat and tidy. To make the appendix systematic, each word should be accompanied by its explanation.

Make Sure the Tables and Graphs are Titled and Labeled

A title should be assigned to each table and graph, which clarifies their contents. Also, do the labels. The reader should also be able to understand what they mean by the labels. There must be a clear statement of their position in their dissertation.

Place These Appendices in the Correct Order

Making dissertation appendices aesthetically pleasing and proper requires proper order. Appendices should not be scattered all over the place. Appoint proper spacing between two appendices, and arrange them rationally. New pages should be added to each appendix.

Data Collection Dates and Times should Be Included

Data collection dates and times can be included in the appendices of your dissertation if they are not directly relevant to your findings or do not influence them. This way, you can provide your reader with the information he or she needs without overwhelming them.

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What are the attachments?

Examples of appendices to your thesis, referring to attachments, appendices before or after the bibliography, considerations for the appendices to your thesis, more tips for your thesis structure.

To avoid making your thesis too long, you can use attachments or appendices at the end of your thesis. In these, you include important information that does not belong in the body text. Think of interview transcripts, surveys or tables with SPSS results. Where exactly do you put the appendices to your thesis? What are examples of attachments you can think of?

You probably know about attachments used in e-mails. In your thesis, you use attachments in the same way. There is some information you don't put in the e-mail itself as it would make the e-mail too long and unorderly. Thus, you add it as an attachment. The same goes for appendices to your thesis. 

In the appendix, you put information that is too detailed for the main text but still important for your research. This way, you can make your point in the thesis text itself briefly but powerfully, and include this important information separately for the reader. In the text itself, you refer to the appendices so that the interested reader can find the detailed information there.

You can put all kinds of information in the appendices. Examples of attachments are:

Additional results. Include only the most important results in the main text. These directly support your story. Additional information that is less relevant to the research question should be included in the appendices to your thesis. Think of extra tables or figures.

Interview transcripts. In the main text, you should only include brief quotes from interviews here and there. You can put the full interview transcripts in the appendices of your thesis.

The survey that was conducted. Interested readers will be curious to know exactly which survey questions you asked respondents. It would be too much to put the complete survey in your method chapter. Therefore, you can put it in the appendices instead, and refer to it in the method chapter. Of course, you explain in the method chapter how you arrived at certain questions, who completed the survey, etc.

Survey answers. Sometimes you also want to be able to refer to the exact answers of respondents. Appendices are also a good place for completed surveys.

Forms, letters, etc. Did you contact an expert via written text (e-mail, letter, etc.)? Then you can also put that text in the appendices, but only if it matters for the research. The same goes for forms, original texts, etc. that you discuss in your thesis.

Mind maps or elaborated models that you used mainly for your own understanding and that did not play a leading role in your research.

The reader wants to be able to find the right attachment quickly. It is therefore important to refer to the attachment in the body of the text in the right places. When doing so, also mention which attachment it is (Appendix 1, 2, 3, etc.). Then your reader will know where to find it.

Make sure you refer to each attachment at least once in the running text. Otherwise, nobody will know that you have included it. You can do this in brackets or in the sentence itself. For example, this looks like this:

The interview with Jan Peters (see Appendix 3.1) shows that...

Table 1 (see Appendix 2) shows that...

The full survey is included in Appendix 4.

It is customary to put the appendices after the bibliography, starting on a new page. Check with your thesis supervisor what your study programme's requirements are for the location of the appendices.

Are you working on the appendices to your thesis? Then keep the following points in mind:

Make a separate appendix for each section. Number the different appendices and include a clear title. 

Name the appendices in your table of contents so the reader can easily find them.

Does an attachment consist of several parts? If so, number the parts separately. For example, did you conduct four interviews? Then you can give each interview its own number within the same appendix (Appendix 3.1, 3.2, etc.).

Usually, you write Attachment/Appendix with a capital letter when referring to one particular attachment. This is not a requirement, but it is common. In any case, be consistent. Either use a capital letter or a lowercase letter and do this consistently throughout your document.

Put each new attachment on a new page. For parts of appendices (Appendix 4.1, 4.2, etc.) this is not always necessary. Only if you have somewhat longer attachment parts, it is smart to put them on separate pages.

Check your appendices for language errors. Appendices are also included in your thesis supervisor's assessment. Unsure of your language and spelling? Then have your thesis checked by one of our editors. This way you can be sure that both your thesis and your appendices are free of errors.

Appendices are one of the many sections in your thesis. Do you want to know exactly which parts belong in your thesis and what should be in each part? Read our article on thesis structure. It will give you something to refer to for guidance when writing your thesis.

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• Research Paper Appendix | Example & Templates

Research Paper Appendix | Example & Templates

Published on 15 August 2022 by Kirsten Dingemanse and Tegan George. Revised on 25 October 2022.

An appendix is a supplementary document that facilitates your reader’s understanding of your research but is not essential to your core argument. Appendices are a useful tool for providing additional information or clarification in a research paper , dissertation , or thesis without making your final product too long.

Appendices help you provide more background information and nuance about your topic without disrupting your text with too many tables and figures or other distracting elements.

We’ve prepared some examples and templates for you, for inclusions such as research protocols, survey questions, and interview transcripts. All are worthy additions to an appendix. You can download these in the format of your choice below.

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Table of contents

What is an appendix in a research paper, what to include in an appendix, how to format an appendix, how to refer to an appendix, where to put your appendices, other components to consider, appendix checklist.

In the main body of your research paper, it’s important to provide clear and concise information that supports your argument and conclusions . However, after doing all that research, you’ll often find that you have a lot of other interesting information that you want to share with your reader.

While including it all in the body would make your paper too long and unwieldy, this is exactly what an appendix is for.

As a rule of thumb, any detailed information that is not immediately needed to make your point can go in an appendix. This helps to keep your main text focused but still allows you to include the information you want to include somewhere in your paper.

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An appendix can be used for different types of information, such as:

• Supplementary results : Research findings  are often presented in different ways, but they don’t all need to go in your paper. The results most relevant to your research question should always appear in the main text, while less significant results (such as detailed descriptions of your sample or supplemental analyses that do not help answer your main question), can be put in an appendix.
• Statistical analyses : If you conducted statistical tests using software like Stata or R, you may also want to include the outputs of your analysis in an appendix.
• Further information on surveys or interviews : Written materials or transcripts related to things such as surveys and interviews can also be placed in an appendix.

You can opt to have one long appendix, but separating components (like interview transcripts, supplementary results, or surveys) into different appendices makes the information simpler to navigate.

Here are a few tips to keep in mind:

• Always start each appendix on a new page.
• Assign it both a number (or letter) and a clear title, such as ‘Appendix A. Interview transcripts’. This makes it easier for your reader to find the appendix, as well as for you to refer back to it in your main text.
• Number and title the individual elements within each appendix (e.g., ‘Transcripts’) to make it clear what you are referring to. Restart the numbering in each appendix at 1.

It is important that you refer to each of your appendices at least once in the main body of your paper. This can be done by mentioning the appendix and its number or letter, either in parentheses or within the main part of a sentence. It is also possible to refer to a particular component of an appendix.

Appendix B presents the correspondence exchanged with the fitness boutique. Example 2. Referring to an appendix component These results (see Appendix 2, Table 1) show that …

It is common to capitalise ‘Appendix’ when referring to a specific appendix, but it is not mandatory. The key is just to make sure that you are consistent throughout your entire paper, similarly to consistency in capitalising headings and titles in academic writing.

However, note that lowercase should always be used if you are referring to appendices in general. For instance, ‘The appendices to this paper include additional information about both the survey and the interviews.’

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The simplest option is to add your appendices after the main body of your text, after you finish citing your sources in the citation style of your choice . If this is what you choose to do, simply continue with the next page number. Another option is to put the appendices in a separate document that is delivered with your dissertation.

Remember that any appendices should be listed in your paper’s table of contents .

There are a few other supplementary components related to appendices that you may want to consider. These include:

• List of abbreviations : If you use a lot of abbreviations or field-specific symbols in your dissertation, it can be helpful to create a list of abbreviations .
• Glossary : If you utilise many specialised or technical terms, it can also be helpful to create a glossary .
• Tables, figures and other graphics : You may find you have too many tables, figures, and other graphics (such as charts and illustrations) to include in the main body of your dissertation. If this is the case, consider adding a figure and table list .

Checklist: Appendix

All appendices contain information that is relevant, but not essential, to the main text.

Each appendix starts on a new page.

I have given each appendix a number and clear title.

I have assigned any specific sub-components (e.g., tables and figures) their own numbers and titles.

My appendices are easy to follow and clearly formatted.

I have referred to each appendix at least once in the main text.

Your appendices look great! Use the other checklists to further improve your thesis.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

Dingemanse, K. & George, T. (2022, October 25). Research Paper Appendix | Example & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved 23 December 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/appendix/

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Formatting Your Thesis or Dissertation with Microsoft Word

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Appendix, Appendices, List of Appendices

If you only have one appendix in your thesis, adding that is pretty straightforward. It is mostly treated like another chapter, except "Chapter" is changed to "Appendix". When you have more than one appendix, it gets more complicated and you have to add a List of Appendices in the front matter part of the thesis. The video tutorial demonstrates how to add a single appendix, how to format multiple appendices, and how to add the List of Appendices to the front of the thesis.

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• Last Updated: Sep 19, 2024 2:17 PM
• URL: https://guides.umd.umich.edu/Word_for_Theses

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