undergraduate coursework emphasis

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Definition of Upper/Lower Division and Course Numbering System

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2024-2025 Catalog > Academic Policies > Definition of Upper/Lower Division and Course Numbering System

Definition of Upper- and Lower-Division Coursework, Course Numbering

CityU undergraduate programs have specific upper- and lower division requirements. Lower-division courses are numbered 100-299 and are general in nature. Upper-division courses are numbered 300-499. The subject matter in upper-division courses is more specific and builds upon knowledge gained from lower division study. At the undergraduate level, CityU will accept up to 135 credits in transfer. (Please refer to the policies in this catalog on Transfer Credit Toward Advanced Standing into graduate and undergraduate programs for more information on this subject.)

The total number of undergraduate credits a student has earned at CityU, including transfer credits, determines the student’s class year status. This status is independent of the level of coursework completed. For example, a student may complete several upper division courses in a degree program, but be less than half-way through the chosen program. Undergraduate class-year status is determined solely by total credits earned in the program, not by the level of courses taken.

Class-year status at CityU is as follows:

• 45 or fewer quarter credits earned = first-year status (freshman)

• 46-90 quarter credits earned = second-year status (sophomore)

• 91-135 quarter credits earned = third-year status (junior)

• 136 or more quarter credits earned = fourth-year status (senior)

(Policy #3500.19 and #3500.20)

College for Creative Studies

Areas of Emphasis and Minors

Policy Table of Contents

Transfer Credits for a Minor

Credit sharing, adding a minor, credit sharing with more than one minor:, removing or changing a minor.

An emphasis is a required focused area of study within a major and is part of the 60 credits required for the major courses within an undergraduate program. Enrolled students are required to meet the current emphasis credit requirements, which range from 12 to 30 credits depending on the major and emphasis. The following undergraduate departments have a required area of emphasis:

Liberal Arts and Studio minor options are available to undergraduate level students. A Studio Minor is an area of study outside the major that provides students the ability to customize their studies by gaining knowledge and proficiency in a different discipline. A Liberal Arts Minor is a focused area of study within the Liberal Arts subjects. 

Studio and Liberal Arts minors require 15.0 credits to complete. A list of available minor options is published on the CCS Website and provided with the associated form (see the Liberal Arts Minor Declaration Form and/or Studio Minor Declaration Form ) that can be found on the Campus Offices site under the Academic Advising and Registration Office . Students must consult with the Department Chair of the minor for detailed information and minor expectations. Some minors are customized based on students’ interest and/or skill. Designated major departments will allow a minor within the same major if the minor’s emphasis (or specialized area of focus) is “different” from emphasis outlined in the major. Example: Transportation Design major can minor in Automotive Clay Modeling; Crafts/Ceramics major can minor in Crafts/Glass; Entertainment Arts/Animation major can minor in Entertainment Arts/Game, etc.  

• Declaring a minor is not required to earn a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. 
• Minors can only be attempted while pursuing a BFA and cannot be attempted post graduation. 
• Once a minor is added to the student’s record, all requirements for the existing minor must be satisfied in order to graduate (along with the general degree requirements). 
• Adjustments to minor requirements are based on department approval.
• Adding a minor may extend the expected graduation timeline and students should consult with an Academic Advisor to review degree timeline details.  
• Some limitations or restrictions may apply when choosing a minor within the same major department.
• Minors appear on the final official transcript but do not appear on the diploma.

A maximum of six (6.0) transfer credit earned from an accredited institution may be applied to a minor in any area of study. Students may be asked to submit documentation or work samples for transfer credit requests in question. See Transfer Credits – Undergraduate policy for additional details.

No more than nine (9) credits between the general degree requirements and the minor can be shared. Credit sharing is not automatic and should be discussed with an Academic Advisor to confirm steps and/or requirements for placement. Department Chair approval may be required for courses that are not pre-approved for placement. Credit sharing can be applied to General Electives without Department Chair approval. See section on “Adding Multiple Minors” for policy on credit sharing with more than one minor.*

Students must sign and submit the appropriate minor form to the Department Chair of the minor. A Liberal Arts Minor Declaration form must be signed by the Liberal Arts Department Chair. A Studio Minor Declaration form must be signed by the Department Chair of the studio minor. Completed forms must be submitted to the Academic Advising & Registration Office for processing and to officially add the minor to degree requirements. Once a minor is added to a student’s degree program, all major and minor credits must be satisfied in order to graduate. It is the student’s responsibility to 1) complete all required minor credits or 2) initiate a request to remove the minor if no longer planning to attempt the credits. Students close to graduation must have all minor forms completed and submitted before applying for graduation (see Academic Calendar for deadlines).

Adding Multiple Minors

Students may choose to minor in multiple Studio/Major Departments or Liberal Arts subject areas (or a combination of both). A minor form is required for each intended minor. “Credits Sharing” and “Transfer Credit for Minors” will apply to each minor separately (as outlined in above policies). Additionally, up to 9.0 credit hours can be shared “between minors”, if applicable or due to “like” courses.

• up to 9.0 credit hours can be applied/shared from the 1st minor with the 2nd minor, if courses are applicable.
• Up to 9.0 credit hours can be shared with the major/general degree requirements.
• Remaining credits for the minor(s) must be fulfilled with courses different from any attempted credits within the major/general degree requirements and cannot be shared.

A minor may be removed at any time if a student no longer wishes to pursue the minor or satisfy the requirements. Students must indicate their intent to drop the minor on the appropriate Minor Declaration Form. Department Chair signature (of the removed minor) is not required on the form. 

If a student wishes to switch to a different minor, the Department Chair of the new minor will evaluate the student’s course work for placement or transferability of any courses previously taken or in-progress. The new minor should be indicted on the Minor Declaration form and the Department Chair of the new minor must sign the form to change the minor. The completed form must be submitted to the Academic Advising & Registration Office to have the minor removed. 

• If credits were taken/completed towards the “removed” minor, students should meet with an Academic Advisor to discuss courses that no longer apply to degree requirements. 

Students who are graduating and intend to remove (or add) a minor, must do so prior to submitting the application for graduation (see the Academic Calendar for deadlines).

Department of Political Science

College of social and behavioral science, main navigation.

Adding an area of emphasis to your Political Science degree allows you to customize your major, add structure to your degree plan, and focus your undergraduate coursework. Additional benefits include specialized coursework, advanced degree and career preparation, and networking opportunities. Areas of emphasis will appear on your diploma and official transcripts – certifying your accomplishments within that transcripted emphasis area.

Students need a number of upper division Political Science electives for their major requirements. If declared in an emphasis, they must complete at least 5 courses (15 credit hours) of those electives from options within the selected area in order to officially earn that area of emphasis.  Students may pursue only one transcripted area of emphasis. For more information or to declare your area of emphasis, please contact your  academic advisor.

Are you having issues with your Audit? If you have courses from the lists below that do not appear to be counting towards your area of emphasis on your   audit , please send a detailed email (from your uMail account) that includes your student ID number and concerns to  [email protected] . 

Planning an internship related to your emphasis?

We can accept 3 credits of a relevant internship to contribute towards the completion of your emphasis. You will need to email   [email protected]  or meet with an advisor to have the substitution made. 

Community Involvement and Political Activism

• International Politics

Public Policy

Law and politics.

Best for students focused on understanding the theories and practices of community engagement and political advocacy. Coursework will lead to an in-depth understanding of pressing political problems and approaches to social change, from the local to global levels. Perfect for students who are preparing for careers in grassroots campaigns, nonprofit administration, community organizing, or public service, as well as those wishing to pursue graduate degrees in this area.  

Course Options

International politics .

Ideal for students who are interested in studying cooperation and conflict among countries and other supra-national actors, such as international governmental organizations (United Nations, European Union, etc.) and non-governmental organizations (Greenpeace, International Labor Organization, etc.). Excellent for students seeking careers with an international context or those eager to pursue additional education related to international politics or law.

Optimal for students who wish to focus on the study of how public policies are made, implemented, and evaluated. Great for students interested in long-term public policy work or those seeking a graduated degree in public administration – Master of Public Administration (MPA) or Master of Public Policy (MPP).

Perfect for students who wish to study the normative basis for law in democratic societies, the creation and administration of laws, and the normative and empirical evaluation of law. Ideal for students interested in careers related to the administration of law or those hoping to pursue a law degree – the Juris Doctor degree (J.D.).

3. Math Major Course Requirements and Emphases

Home → --> Undergraduate Requirements Archive → 2024/2025 Undergraduate Requirements → Math Major Course Requirements and Emphases

Both the  Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and the Bachelor of Science (B.S.)  in Mathematics require a  core of basic courses  followed by additional courses specific to one of seven possible emphases:

• Applied Mathematics emphasis:   This emphasis is for students who intend to enter the job market upon graduation, but may also be appropriate for students who plan to go on to graduate school in a field of science or engineering.
• Comprehensive emphasis:  This emphasis prepares students for graduate study in mathematics, applied mathematics, or most other scientific fields.
• Probability and Statistics emphasis:  This emphasis is for students considering a career as an actuary or statistician, as well as for students wanting to attend graduate school in statistics.
• Mathematics Education emphasis: This emphasis prepares students for teaching mathematics at the secondary school level with professional licensure from the Arizona Department of Education. The emphasis has t hree main component s : a set of courses in mathematics, a set of courses in teaching and learning mathematics in secondary schools , and a set of courses in education from the College of Education
• Computer Science emphasis:  This emphasis is for students interested in applications of computers to mathematical problems, including math majors who plan to attend graduate school in computer science.
• Economics or Business emphasis:  This emphasis is for students with a particular interest in business applications of mathematics, especially those preparing for graduate school in economics or finance.
• Life Sciences emphasis:   This emphasis is for students considering a career in medicine, as well as for students wanting to attend graduate school in the biological sciences.

Each emphasis requires at least 15 units of 400-level mathematics course work, and each emphasis, except Mathematics Education, requires the student to complete a minor outside the math department . Courses in minors must be distinct from those in the major.

The complete official requirements for each emphasis are given in the  University Catalog  in the form of an  Academic Advisement Report (ADVIP) . Below we cover the portion of the requirements specific to the mathematics major. It is important for students to consult with their academic advisor about their choice and order of courses, as well as which additional courses would strengthen their degree program.

The information and requirements given here apply to the 2024–2025 catalog. For other catalog years, please  consult the archive .

Supporting Computer Science Requirement

All math and SDS majors are required to complete a computer programming course, regardless of the degree and emphasis selected. One of the following courses is recommended for most students: CSC 110, ISTA 130, ECE 175, or CHEE 205 ; other options may require additional prerequisites and/or a major or minor declared in another subject.

• CSC 110  — Introduction to Computer Programming I
• ISTA 130  — Computational Thinking and Doing
• ECE 175  — Computer Programming for Engineering Applications
• CHEE 205  — Introduction to MatLab and Python
• BME 225  — Introduction to Computer Programming for Biomedical Engineering
• CSC 120  — Introduction to Computer Programming II
• CSC 250  — Essential Computing for the Sciences
• GEOS 280  — Programming and Data Analysis in the Earth Sciences
• MIS 301  — Data Structures and Algorithms
• NSCS 311  — Scientific Programming using MatLab
• PHYS 305  — Computational Physics

Core Courses

All seven emphases for the B.A./B.S. require the following core courses, which should ideally be completed by the end of the sophomore year.

• MATH 122A  AND  MATH 122B   (1)  or  MATH 125  — Calculus I
• MATH 129  — Calculus II
• MATH 223  — Vector Calculus
• MATH 313  — Introduction to Linear Algebra  (2)  
• MATH 323  — Formal Mathematical Reasoning and Writing  (3)
• MATH 355  — Analysis of Ordinary Differential Equations  (4)

(1) MATH 122A and MATH 122B are a single-semester sequence of courses that cover Calculus I. 

(2)  MATH 313 replaces MATH 215, which is no longer offered.  Students who completed MATH 215 prior to fall 2015 or who have transfer credit equivalent to MATH 215 will still fulfill this requirement, though they will not earn upper-division credit for the course.

(3) MATH 323 is a writing-emphasis course that is the foundation for many of the advanced courses taken by math majors. It is prerequisite for more theoretical 400-level courses in the major. Students who do not do well in MATH 323 should speak to an advisor about their choice of major/emphasis.  MATH 396L, the Wildcat Proofs Workshop, is a 1 unit supplemental instruction course intended to give students additional practice and guidance in learning proof writing techniques. The 396L course is required for students who earned a C or lower in MATH 313, the prerequisite to 323. Students who earn a D in 313 are required to either repeat 313 for a higher grade or take another course (MATH 243, 315, or CSC 245) before moving on to 323 + 396L. 

(4) MATH 355 is the differential equations course that all mathematics majors are expected to take. This course emphasizes the ideas of dynamical systems and makes use of a more sophisticated approach to differential equations. MATH 254 is a differential equations course that is aimed at engineering and science majors. Students with an additional major in engineering or science may ask their math faculty advisors for permission to substitute MATH 254 course for MATH 355 if a scheduling issue arises. Keep in mind that MATH 254 is lower-division - students who take it may need extra upper-division units.

Applied Mathematics emphasis

The Academic Advisement Report (ADVIP) gives complete degree requirements:

• B.A. Mathematics (Applied Mathematics emphasis)
• B.S. Mathematics (Applied Mathematics emphasis)

A  minor in any subject   outside the math department is required with this emphasis.

Major requirements:

• Core Courses  ( see above )
• MATH 422 — Advanced Applied Analysis
• MATH 454 — Ordinary Differential Equations and Stability Theory
• MATH 456 — Applied Partial Differential Equations
• MATH 464 — Theory of Probability
• MATH 466 — Theory of Statistics
• MATH 475A — Mathematical Principles of Numerical Analysis
• One course from the list: { MATH 413 , MATH 424 ,  MATH 443 ,  MATH 445 ,  MATH 447 ,  MATH 454 ,  MATH 456 ,  MATH 464 ,  MATH 475B , MATH 481 ,  MATH 485 } (*)
• MATH 481  — Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow through and around Organs and Organisms   OR
• MATH 485  — Mathematical Modeling  (**)
• A 5 th  400-level MATH course, to be selected with approval from your math faculty advisor.  You may choose from the pre-approved list: MATH 412 ,  MATH 413 ,  MATH 424 ,  MATH 454 ,  MATH 456 ,  MATH 464 ,  MATH 468 ,  MATH 475A ,  MATH 481 ,  MATH 485 ,  MATH 488 .  If you prefer to select another course, you may do so ONLY if approved by your math faculty advisor.

(*)  The Math Department has discontinued MATH 475B. We will still offer MATH 475A going forward, and have approved the listed alternatives to MATH 475B. These options will not appear in older advisement reports, so the Math Center will need to make substitutions for students. Please email  [email protected]  when you enroll in the second course for the "sequence" as listed above if your advisement report does not include these options; we will make the adjustment for you.

(**)   Students should plan to take MATH 485 in their final spring semester (it is only offered in spring semesters). In addition to more typical prerequisites, MATH 485 requires completion of at least one 400-level MATH course (422, 454, 456, 464, or 475A).  Prerequisites also include linear algebra (313), differential equations (254 or 355), and a programming course.  

For an example of how to order your coursework to heed prerequisites and meet all degree requirements, please consult the  sample 4-year plans . You will develop an individualized plan in consultation with your faculty advisor.  Students planning to enroll in three MATH courses in a single semester are advised to talk to their math faculty advisor before finalizing their schedule. The Math Department requires that students enrolling in four or more MATH courses for a single term obtain permission from their math faculty advisor.  Note that special courses like Supplemental Instruction, Workshops, Teaching Assistantship enrollment, and Pedagogy courses for the Secondary Math Education Program are not counted toward this limit.

Comprehensive emphasis

The Academic Advisement Report (ADVIP) gives complete degree requirements:

• B.A. Mathematics (Comprehensive emphasis)
• B.S. Mathematics (Comprehensive emphasis)

This emphasis covers the minimum requirements for admission to most graduate programs in mathematics or applied mathematics. We have  separate information on selecting the appropriate emphasis and courses to prepare for various types of graduate programs .  Students selecting the comprehensive emphasis should consult with a Mathematics Department faculty advisor in choosing additional course work to ensure that they are prepared for the graduate school of their choice. A  minor in any subject   outside the math department is required with this emphasis.

• MATH 413 — Linear Algebra
• MATH 424 — Theory of Complex Variables
• MATH 425A — Real Analysis of One Variable
• MATH 425B — Real Analysis of Several Variables
• MATH 415A — Introduction to Abstract Algebra
• MATH 415B — Second Course in Abstract Algebra

Students completing this emphasis are expected to be proficient in proof writing before beginning most of the 400-level courses above. It is recommended that students who do not earn an A or B in MATH 323 speak with an advisor about their selected math major emphasis before enrolling in proof-intensive 400-level courses.

Probability and Statistics emphasis

• B.A. Mathematics (Probability and Statistics emphasis)
• B.S. Mathematics (Probability and Statistics emphasis)

A  minor in any subject   outside the math department is required with this emphasis. The math major with probability and statistics emphasis differs from the Statistics and Data Science (SDS) major in that it gives more theoretical background. Students who wish to attend graduate school in statistics, economics, or another related field are advised to choose this option instead of (or in addition to) the SDS major. In association with the  Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics & Data Science , we offer an  Accelerated Master's Program  in Statistics & Data Science. 

• MATH 468 — Applied Stochastic Processes
• A 5 th  400-level MATH course, to be selected with approval from your math faculty advisor.  You may choose from the pre-approved list: MATH 412 ,  MATH 413 ,  MATH 422 ,  MATH 425B ,  MATH 454 ,  MATH 456 ,  MATH 462 ,  MATH 468 ,  MATH 485 .  If you prefer to select another course, you may do so ONLY if approved by your math faculty advisor.

Students completing this emphasis are expected to be proficient in proof writing before beginning their 400-level course work. It is recommended that students who do not earn an A or B in MATH 323 speak with an advisor about their selected math major emphasis before enrolling in 400-level courses.

Mathematics Education emphasis

• B.A. Mathematics (Mathematics Education emphasis)
• B.S. Mathematics (Mathematics Education emphasis)

This emphasis is for students preparing to teach mathematics at the secondary school level. The Education emphasis has two main components, a set of courses in mathematics, and a set of pedagogy courses. This emphasis does not require a minor. See the  Secondary Math Education Program (SMEP) website  for additional information.

• MATH 315 — Introduction to Number Theory and Modern Algebra
• MATH 330 — Topics in Geometry
• MATH 361 — Elements of Statistics Using Calculus
• MATH 404 — History of Mathematics
• MATH 407 — Synthesis of Mathematical Concepts
• MATH 205 — Teaching Secondary Mathematics
• EDP 301 — Educational Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development 
• SERP 400 — Survey of Exceptional Students
• TLS 416 — An Introduction to Structured English Immersion (*)
• TLS 435 — Content Area Literacy in a Multicultural School
• MATH 406A — Curriculum and Assessment in Secondary School Mathematics
• MATH 406B — Methods of Teaching Mathematics in Secondary Schools
• MATH 494C — Student Teaching
• This requirement is fulfilled by completing one of the following: POL 210 or equivalent; a passing score on the Arizona and US Constitution exams. 
• GPA ≥ 2.5 in MATH 122A&B/125, 129, 223
• Pedagogy GPA ≥ 2.5
• Major GPA ≥ 2.0
• Cumulative UA GPA ≥ 2.0

(*)   LCEV 408 —  Methods of Teaching English to English Language Learners also fulfills this requirement but is not currently available to SMEP students through the College of Education.

Computer Science emphasis

• B.A. Mathematics (Computer Science emphasis)
• B.S. Mathematics (Computer Science emphasis)

A  minor in computer science  is required with this emphasis.

• One course from the list: { MATH 422 ,  MATH 424 ,  MATH 454 ,  MATH 456 ,  MATH 464 ,  MATH 485 ,  MATH 475B } (*)
• MATH 443 — Theory of Graphs and Networks
• MATH 445 — Introduction to Cryptography
• MATH 446 — Theory of Numbers
• MATH 447 — Combinatorial Mathematics
• CSC 473 — Automata, Grammars and Languages  (**)
• A 5 th  400-level MATH course, to be selected with approval from your math faculty advisor.  You may choose from the pre-approved list:   MATH 401A ,  MATH 401B ,  MATH 402 ,  MATH 412 ,  MATH 413 ,  MATH 415A ,  MATH 443 ,  MATH 445 ,  MATH 446 ,  MATH 447 ,  MATH 464 ,  MATH 468 ,  MATH 475A ,  MATH 485 , or   CSC 473 .  If you prefer to select another course, you may do so ONLY if approved by your math faculty advisor.

(*)  The Math Department has discontinued MATH 475B. We will still offer MATH 475A going forward, and have approved the listed alternatives to MATH 475B. These options will not appear in older advisement reports, so the Math Center will need to make substitutions for students. Please email  [email protected]  when you enroll in the second course for the "sequence" as listed above if your advisement report does not include these options; we will make the adjustment for you. 

(**)   Students minoring in Computer Science may not double-dip courses with their math major. Students with a double major in Computer Science and Mathematics may be able to double-dip additional courses between the two majors, within reasonable limits. It is important to consult with advisors from both majors when planning your coursework to avoid graduation delays.

Economics or Business emphasis

• B.A. Mathematics (Economics or Business emphasis)
• B.S. Mathematics (Economics or Business emphasis)

This emphasis requires either

• an  Economics Minor , or
• a  Business Administration Minor , or
• an  Entrepreneurship Minor , or
• a  Finance Minor , or
• a  Marketing Minor , or
• a  Sports Management Minor , or
• a  Personal & Family Financial Planning Minor , or
• a  Thematic Minor  emphasizing courses from two or more disciplines/subject areas such as Economics, Business, and Finance, or
• a second major in the same degree in one of the above fields of study.

The minor should be chosen in consultation with an advisor.

• MATH 462 — Financial Math
• A 5 th  400-level MATH course, to be selected with approval from your math faculty advisor.  You may choose from the pre-approved list: MATH 412 ,  MATH 413 ,  MATH 422 , MATH 425B ,  MATH 432 ,  MATH 454 ,  MATH 456 ,  MATH 462 ,  MATH 466 ,   MATH 468 ,  MATH 485 .  If you prefer to select another course, you may do so ONLY if approved by your math faculty advisor.

Life Sciences emphasis

• B.A. Mathematics (Life Sciences emphasis)
• B.S. Mathematics (Life Sciences emphasis)

A minor or major in the biological sciences is required for this emphasis. Possibilities include Astrobiology , Biochemistry , Bioinformatics (major only) , Biology , Biosystems Engineering , Ecology & Evolutionary Biology , Environmental Science , Medicine Thematic,  Molecular & Cellular Biology , Pharmaceutical Sciences , Physiology , Physiological and Medical Sciences , and Pre-Health Professions , or a  thematic minor  with a life sciences emphasis.  A second major in a life science area may also be used to fulfill the minor requirement.  Courses which may be of interest for your minor include:  ECOL 320 ,  ECOL 340 ,  ECOL 426 ,  ECOL 453 ,  ECOL 480 ,  ECOL 496J ; 

MCB 315 ,  MCB 410 ,  MCB 411 ,  MCB 422 .

• MATH 481  — Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow through and around Organs and Organisms   OR
• MATH 485  — Mathematical Modeling  (*)

(*)   Students should plan to take MATH 485 in their final spring semester (it is only offered in spring semesters). In addition to more typical prerequisites, MATH 485 requires completion of at least one 400-level MATH course (422, 454, 456, 464, or 475A).  Prerequisites also include linear algebra (313), differential equations (254 or 355), and a programming course.  

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Academic Areas of Emphasis Information and Resources Links

Accounting students graduate with a comprehensive understanding of the theory and concepts that underlie accounting practice. Coursework emphasizes logical reasoning and the development, understanding, and use of information, enabling students to solve problems in accounting and management while making informed accounting policy decisions.

The business analytics area of emphasis gives you the technical acumen and business perspective needed to become a confident change agent who makes evidence-based decisions that solve complex problems. 

The Finance Area of Emphasis addresses issues in the financial services and securities area. Curriculum introduces students to financial management, money and capital markets, investments and derivative securities, and financial institutions. Students obtain the core knowledge they’ll need for entry-level positions in any area of financial management.

Customizable and immediately applicable, Management and Entrepreneurship students are team-oriented, horizontally organized and globally competitive. To ensure close alignment with their professional aspirations, this Area of Emphasis offers students four different tracks to choose from: Information Analytics, Leadership, Operations Management, Social Responsibility and Sustainability, Strategy and Entrepreneurship, and Talent Management.

Lead by a marketing faculty that is among the top 20 in the world, marketing students learn how to strategically influence business practices by identifying customer desires, developing products and services to meet those demands, establishing communications to promote products and services, and monitoring transactions and customer responses to guide future activities.

Students in the Real Estate Area of Emphasis explore the link between real estate and capital markets while developing real estate decision-making skills and analyzing opportunities.

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Area of Emphasis Guides

Explore Accounting through this guide on suggested and required coursework as well as career opportunities in public accounting, corporate accounting, government and non-profit organizations.

Explore Business Analytics through this guide on suggested and required coursework as well as career opportunities in data analytics, market research, consulting and more.

Explore Finance through this guide on suggested and required coursework as well as career opportunities in corporate or public finance; commercial, public and retail banking; personal financial planning, investment banking and money management.

Explore Information Management through this guide on suggested and required coursework as well as career opportunities in consulting, digital marketing, financial services, IT services and more.

Explore a Leadership focus addition to several management tracks through this guide on suggested and required coursework as well as career opportunities in supply chain management, IT management and more.

Explore Marketing through this guide on suggested and required coursework as well as career opportunities in advertising, market research, brand/product management, marketing consumer goods and more.

Explore Operations Management through this guide on suggested and required coursework as well as career opportunities in aerospace, construction, electronics, financial services, healthcare and more.

Personal financial planning is a track option within your Finance emphasis area. The program’s curriculum has been approved by the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards. After successfully completing the PFP courses, you will be eligible to sit for the national CFP® Certification Examination.

Explore Real Estate through this guide on suggested and required coursework as well as career opportunities in investment, development, asset/property management and more.

Explore Social Responsibility & Sustainability through this guide on suggested and required coursework as well as career opportunities in sustainability consulting, CRS reporting, risk managing and more.

Explore Strategy and Entrepreneurship through this guide on suggested and required coursework as well as career opportunities in consulting, energy, fashion, information technology, non-profit, transportation and more.

Explore Talent Management through this guide on suggested and required coursework as well as career opportunities in consulting, consumer products, education, government, healthcare, real estate and more.