example high school research paper

How to Write a Research Paper as a High School Student

By Carly Taylor

Senior at Stanford University

6 minute read

Read our guide to learn why you should write a research paper and how to do so, from choosing the right topic to outlining and structuring your argument.

What is a research paper?

A research paper poses an answer to a specific question and defends that answer using academic sources, data, and critical reasoning. Writing a research paper is an excellent way to hone your focus during a research project , synthesize what you’re learning, and explain why your work matters to a broader audience of scholars in your field.

The types of sources and evidence you’ll see used in a research paper can vary widely based on its field of study. A history research paper might examine primary sources like journals and newspaper articles to draw conclusions about the culture of a specific time and place, whereas a biology research paper might analyze data from different published experiments and use textbook explanations of cellular pathways to identify a potential marker for breast cancer.

However, researchers across disciplines must identify and analyze credible sources, formulate a specific research question, generate a clear thesis statement, and organize their ideas in a cohesive manner to support their argument. Read on to learn how this process works and how to get started writing your own research paper, integrating skills like critical thinking and advanced academic writing.

How do I choose my topic?

Tap into your passions.

A research paper is your chance to explore what genuinely interests you and combine ideas in novel ways. So don’t choose a subject that simply sounds impressive or blindly follow what someone else wants you to do – choose something you’re really passionate about! You should be able to enjoy reading for hours and hours about your topic and feel enthusiastic about synthesizing and sharing what you learn.

We've created these helpful writing resources to inspire you to think about your own passion project . Polygence also offers a passion exploration experience where you can dive deep into three potential areas of study with expert mentors from those fields.

Ask a difficult question

In the traditional classroom, top students are expected to always know the answers to the questions the teacher asks. But a research paper is YOUR chance to pose a big question that no one has answered yet and figure out how to make a contribution to answering that question. So don’t be afraid if you have no idea how to answer your question at the start of the research process — this will help you maintain a motivational sense of discovery as you dive deeper into your research. If you need inspiration, explore our database of research project ideas and easy research topics for high school students.

Be as specific as possible

It’s essential to be reasonable about what you can accomplish in one paper and narrow your focus down to an issue you can thoroughly address. For example, if you’re interested in the effects of invasive species on ecosystems, it’s best to focus on one invasive species and one ecosystem, such as iguanas in South Florida , or one survival mechanism, such as supercolonies in invasive ant species . If you can, get hands on with your project.

You should approach your paper with the mindset of becoming an expert in this topic. Narrowing your focus will help you achieve this goal without getting lost in the weeds and overwhelming yourself.

Would you like to write your own research paper?

Polygence mentors can help you every step of the way in writing and showcasing your research paper

How do I prepare to write a research paper?

Conduct preliminary research.

Before you dive into writing your research paper, conduct a literature review to see what’s already known about your topic. This can help you find your niche within the existing body of research and formulate your question. For example, Polygence student Jasmita found that researchers had studied the effects of background music on student test performance, but they had not taken into account the effect of a student’s familiarity with the music being played, so she decided to pose this new question in her research paper.

Pro tip: It’s a good idea to skim articles in order to decide whether they’re relevant enough to your research interest before committing to reading them in full. This can help you spend as much time as possible with the sources you’ll actually cite in your paper.

Skimming articles will help you gain a broad-strokes view of the different pockets of existing knowledge in your field and identify the most potentially useful sources. Reading articles in full will allow you to accumulate specific evidence related to your research question and begin to formulate an answer to it.

Draft a thesis statement

Your thesis statement is your succinctly-stated answer to the question you’re posing, which you’ll make your case for in the body of the paper. For example, if you’re studying the effect of K-pop on eating disorders and body image in teenagers of different races, your thesis may be that Asian teenagers who are exposed to K-pop videos experience more negative effects on their body image than Caucasian teenagers.

Pro Writing Tip: It’s okay to refine your thesis as you continue to learn more throughout your research and writing process! A preliminary thesis will help you come up with a structure for presenting your argument, but you should absolutely change your thesis if new information you uncover changes your perspective or adds nuance to it.

Create an outline

A research paper outline is a tool for sketching out the structure of your paper by organizing your points broadly into subheadings and more finely into individual paragraphs. Try putting your thesis at the top of your outline, then brainstorm all the points you need to convey in order to support your thesis.

Pro Tip: Your outline is just a jumping-off point – it will evolve as you gain greater clarity on your argument through your writing and continued research. Sometimes, it takes several iterations of outlining, then writing, then re-outlining, and then rewriting in order to find the best structure for your paper.

What are some key tips when writing?

Introduction.

A research paper introduction should move the reader from your broad area of interest into your specific area of focus for the paper. It generally takes the form of one to two paragraphs that build up your thesis statement and give the reader an idea of the broad argumentative structure of your paper. After reading your introduction, your reader should know what claim you’re going to present and what kinds of evidence you’ll analyze to support it.

Topic sentences

Writing crystal clear topic sentences is a crucial aspect of a successful research paper. A topic sentence is like the thesis statement of a particular paragraph – it should clearly state the point that the paragraph will make. Writing focused topic sentences will help you remain focused while writing your paragraphs and will ensure that the reader can clearly grasp the function of each paragraph in the paper’s overall structure.

Transitions

Sophisticated research papers move beyond tacking on simple transitional phrases such as “Secondly” or “Moreover” to the start of each new paragraph. Instead, each paragraph flows naturally into the next one, with the connection between each idea made very clear. Try using specifically crafted transitional phrases rather than stock phrases to move from one point to the next which will make your paper as cohesive as possible.

In her research paper on Pakistani youth in the U.S. , Polygence student Iba used the following specifically crafted transition to move between two paragraphs: “Although the struggles of digital ethnography limited some data collection, there are also many advantages of digital data collection.” This sentence provides the logical link between the discussion of digital ethnography's limitations from the prior paragraph and the upcoming discussion of this technique’s advantages in this paragraph.

What is a research paper conclusion?

Your conclusion can have several functions:

To drive home your thesis and summarize your argument

To emphasize the broader significance of your findings and answer the “so what” question

To point out some questions raised by your thesis and/or opportunities for further research

Your conclusion can take on all three of these tasks or just one, depending on what you feel your paper is still lacking up to this point.

How do I cite my sources?

Last but not least, crediting your sources is extremely important. There are many different citation formats, such as MLA, APA, and Chicago style. Research online or consult an expert to make sure you know which citation style is standard in your field of interest.

You have several options for keeping track of your bibliography:

Use a notebook to record the relevant information from each of your sources: title, author, date of publication, journal name, page numbers, etc.

Create a folder on your computer where you can store your electronic sources

Use an online bibliography creator such as Zotero, Easybib, or Noodletools to track sources and generate citations

Under our Projects tab, you can read research papers by Polygence students. You can also explore other opportunities for high school research and writing contests .

If you’re interested in finding an expert mentor to guide you through the process of writing your own independent research paper, consider applying to be a Polygence scholar today!

Your research paper helps even you earn college credit , get published in an academic journal , contribute to your application for college , and improve your college admissions chances !

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Research Paper Examples for High School Students

Last modified 2024-08-13
Published on 2024-08-15

Enhance Your Research Skills with Aralia’s Research Scholar Classes

1. what is a research paper.

A research paper is a form of academic writing that requires a student to explore and analyze a particular topic in-depth. It involves gathering information from various sources, presenting an argument or thesis, and supporting it with evidence. Research papers are essential for developing critical thinking, building research skills, and preparing for college and beyond.

A primary research paper consists of seven main sections :

The Abstract, which is a brief summary of the hypothesis, results, and conclusions;
The Introduction, which provides background information, summarizes prior research, and outlines the study;
The Methods and Experiments section, detailing the research process, study design, and procedures;
The Results section, presenting data and statistical outcomes;
The Discussion section, where the author interprets the results, offers conclusions, and suggests future research;
The References section, listing all sources used;
And finally, Tables and Figures, which display the data discussed in the paper.

To read more about each section, please refer to How to Read Scientific Research Papers – High School Edition .

2. What Are the Types of Research Paper?

There are various types of scientific research papers, each with a unique writing style that helps students develop different reading approaches. Primary articles present original research data and conclusions, allowing students to understand how research is conducted and to verify its authenticity. Secondary research documents, such as review articles and systematic reviews, provide overviews of relevant topics and expert perspectives, helping students gain a well-rounded understanding. However, students should critically assess all viewpoints. Special articles include letters to editors, commentaries, and correspondences, offering short communications on topics of interest, often responding to or providing feedback on primary research. These can be useful for students seeking additional insights or clarifications on primary research papers.

Additionally, other common research papers include analytical papers , which break down a topic into its components for deeper understanding; argumentative papers , where the writer presents and supports a particular viewpoint; and experimental papers, which document the process and results of scientific experiments. Each type helps students develop critical reading and writing skills for academic success.

3. How To Do Research

Conducting research in high school is a valuable way to explore your academic interests, develop critical thinking skills, and contribute to the broader body of knowledge. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you get started:

Identify Your Research Interest : Begin by exploring subjects that genuinely fascinate you. Whether it’s a specific scientific field, a historical event, or a social issue, choosing a topic that resonates with you will keep you motivated throughout the research process. For more tips on selecting a research focus, check out How to Pursue Research Interest in High School .
Understand the Research Process : Familiarize yourself with the key steps in conducting research, from developing a research question to collecting and analyzing data. A structured approach will help you stay organized and ensure your research is thorough and methodical. To dive deeper into these steps, refer to the 8 Steps in the Research Process .
Design Your Study : Once you have a research question, plan how you will investigate it. This might involve designing experiments, conducting surveys, or reviewing literature. Consider what data you need, how you will collect it, and how you will ensure the reliability and validity of your findings. The Guide to Do Scientific Research in High School provides detailed insights into creating a research plan.
Conduct the Research : Execute your research plan and document your process and observations meticulously.
Analyze the Results : Once your data is collected, analyze it to see if it supports your hypothesis or answers your research question.
Present Your Findings : You can present your research in various formats, such as a research paper, a presentation, or even at a science fair or competition. Make sure to communicate your methodology, findings, and conclusions.
Seek feedback from teachers, mentors, or peers to refine your work.
Once you feel that your papers are ready, you can choose a research journal to submit your work to for publication. Here are 17 Research Journals for High School Students.

Aralia Students Are 4x More Likely to Publish a Research Paper

4. research paper topics.

Historical Research Topics : Exploring significant events, influential figures, and cultural movements can provide rich material for research papers. For example, students might investigate the causes and effects of World War I, the impact of the Renaissance on modern art, or the role of women in the American Revolution. Check out more historical research topics .
Scientific Research Topics : Science topics offer opportunities to explore the natural world, human health, and technological advancements. Examples include studying the effects of climate change on biodiversity, analyzing the efficacy of different cancer treatments, or researching the ethical implications of genetic engineering.
Literary Research Topics : Students might analyze themes, characters, and symbolism in classic or contemporary works. Examples include exploring the representation of women in Shakespeare’s plays, the impact of the Harlem Renaissance on American literature, or the influence of mythology in modern fantasy novels.
Psychology Research Topics : For students interested in psychology, exploring topics such as the effects of social media on mental health, the psychology of learning and memory, or the impact of childhood trauma on adult behavior can provide unique insights. Discover 10 unique psychology research ideas for high school students .

5. Different Research Paper Examples for High School Students

Below, we will explore examples of high school research papers to help students understand how to structure and present their work effectively. We’ll be drawing from the Journal of Student Research (JSR), a reputable platform that publishes exemplary research conducted by high school students across a wide range of fields.

Neuroscience Research Paper

Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system and brain, focusing on how they influence behavior, cognition, and overall health. Combining insights from biology, psychology, and medicine, it offers an exciting and complex field for students to research, with the goal of developing innovative treatments for neurological and psychiatric conditions.

“Alpha-Synuclein Targeting Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease” research focuses on alpha-synuclein, a protein that aggregates and plays a key role in developing Parkinson’s.

Ethics Research Paper

Ethics examines moral principles that govern human behavior and decision-making. For students, researching ethics offers an opportunity to delve into complex moral dilemmas and explore how ethical theories apply to real-world issues.

“Exploring the Interplay Between Religious Music, Emotions, and Ethics in Cultures Worldwide” investigates how religious music affects people’s emotional well-being and ethical values. The study highlights how music influences moral and ethical standards within religious practices, fostering pro-social behavior and ethical decision-making.

Artificial Intelligence Research Paper

Artificial Intelligence (AI) involves creating systems that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. Delving into AI can spark interest in developing new solutions and understanding the implications of technology on society.

The Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Screening examines the role of AI in enhancing breast cancer detection through mammography. The study reviews various AI models and their effectiveness in diagnosing breast cancer, highlighting the potential of deep learning technologies.

In addition, students can go to 25 research opportunities for high school students to view a comprehensive list of research opportunities available to high school students, offering valuable insights into different fields and helping students find programs that align with their interests.

6. Conduct Research With Aralia

Aralia Education offers a range of research opportunities for high school students, including mentorship programs and research projects. These programs are designed to help students develop their research skills and produce high-quality research papers. Consider participating in these to learn essential skills and prepare yourself to write research papers for competitions, college, and beyond!

Historical Research and Writing

Psychology Research Program

Business Research

AP Research

Aralia Economic Research Scholar Program

Aralia Economics Research Scholar Program

Aralia Education is an innovative online education platform for ambitious middle and high school students worldwide. Aralia’s instructors propel students forward by helping them build a strong foundation in traditional academic courses. They also actively engage and guide students in exploring personal interests beyond their school curriculum. With this holistic approach, Aralia ensures its students are well-prepared for college and equipped for success in their future careers.