essay on democracy in urdu

آسان ٹیکنالوجی

جمہوریت پر مضمون.

جمہوریت، حکمرانی کی ایک شکل کے طور پر، پوری تاریخ میں اہم تبدیلیوں سے گزری ہے۔ قدیم یونان میں اس کی ابتدا سے لے کر اس کے جدید دور کے مظاہر تک، جمہوریت مسلسل ترقی کرتی رہی ہے، بدلتے ہوئے معاشروں، ٹیکنالوجیز اور عالمی حرکیات کے مطابق ہوتی ہے۔ جمہوریت پر مضمون ، جمہوریت کی کثیر جہتی نوعیت کی کھوج کرتا ہے، اس کے بنیادی اصولوں، اس کی طاقتوں اور کمزوریوں، اور ایک منصفانہ  معاشرے کی تشکیل کے لیے اس کے امکانات کا جائزہ لیتا ہے۔ تاریخی مثالوں اور عصری چیلنجوں کا جائزہ لے کر، ہم تجزیہ کرتے ہیں کہ جمہوریت کس طرح شہریوں کو بااختیار بناتی ہے، سماجی ترقی کو فروغ دیتی ہے، اور نظامی عدم مساوات کو دور کرتی ہے۔ مزید برآں، ہم تکنیکی ترقی کے اثرات، پاپولزم کے عروج، اور جمہوری نظریات کو برقرار رکھنے میں شہری مشغولیت کی اہمیت کو تلاش کرتے ہیں۔

جمہوریت کی تعریف

جمہوریت حکمرانی کا ایک ایسا نظام ہے جس میں طاقت عوام کو دی جاتی ہے، جس سے وہ فیصلہ سازی میں حصہ لیتے ہیں اور اپنے نمائندوں کو جوابدہ ٹھہراتے ہیں۔

جمہوریت ایک ایسا تصور ہے جو آزادی، مساوات اور انصاف کے لیے انسانیت کی اجتماعی امنگوں میں گہری جڑی ہوئی ہے۔ یہ نظم و نسق کے ایک ایسے نظام کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے جو ہر فرد کی موروثی قدر اور ایجنسی کو تسلیم کرتا ہے، انہیں اپنی تقدیر خود تشکیل دینے اور ان کی زندگیوں کو متاثر کرنے والے فیصلہ سازی کے عمل میں حصہ ڈالنے کا اختیار دیتا ہے۔ جمہوریت کے اصولوں میں عوامی خودمختاری، سیاسی شرکت، قانون کی حکمرانی، انسانی حقوق کا تحفظ اور تکثیریت شامل ہیں۔ جمہوریت کی تاریخی ترقی، اس کے بنیادی عناصر، طاقتوں، کمزوریوں اور چیلنجوں کا جائزہ لے کر، یہ مضمون ایک منصفانہ معاشرے کو فروغ دینے میں جمہوریت کی تبدیلی کی صلاحیت کو روشن کرنے کی کوشش کرتا ہے۔

جمہوریت کی تاریخی ترقی

جمہوریت کی پیدائش کا پتہ قدیم یونان سے لگایا جا سکتا ہے، جہاں فیصلہ سازی میں شہریوں کی براہ راست شرکت کا تصور سامنے آیا۔ ایتھنائی ماڈل، جبکہ مراعات یافتہ چند افراد تک محدود تھا، جمہوری نظریات کی بنیاد رکھی جو بعد میں پوری دنیا کے سیاسی مفکرین اور انقلابیوں کو متاثر کرے گی۔ روشن خیالی کے دور اور انقلابات کے بعد کے دور نے نمائندہ جمہوریت کے عروج کا مشاہدہ کیا، جس کا مقصد حکومتوں کو اپنے شہریوں کے سامنے جوابدہ بنانا تھا۔ وقت گزرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ، جمہوریت ترقی اور وسعت اختیار کرتی گئی، جس نے تیزی سے ایک دوسرے سے جڑی ہوئی اور پیچیدہ دنیا کے تقاضوں کا جواب دیا۔

یہ بھی پڑھیں: عید الفطر پر مضمون

جمہوریت کے بنیادی عناصر

جمہوریت کے مرکز میں عوامی حاکمیت کا اصول ہے، جو اس بات پر زور دیتا ہے کہ حتمی سیاسی طاقت عوام کے پاس ہے۔ سیاسی شرکت، جو انتخابات، ریفرنڈم، اور شہری مصروفیت کے ذریعے ظاہر ہوتی ہے، شہریوں کو اپنی ایجنسی کو استعمال کرنے اور فیصلہ سازی کے عمل کو متاثر کرنے کے قابل بناتی ہے۔ قانون کی حکمرانی، انسانی حقوق کے تحفظ کے ساتھ ساتھ، اس بات کو یقینی بناتی ہے کہ جمہوری نظام انفرادی آزادیوں کا تحفظ کرتے ہیں اور سماجی تعامل کے لیے ایک منصفانہ فریم ورک فراہم کرتے ہیں۔ مزید یہ کہ جمہوریت تکثیریت کی بنیاد پر پنپتی ہے، تنوع کا جشن منانا، شمولیت کو فروغ دینا، اور مختلف نقطہ نظر کا احترام کرنا۔

جمہوریت کی طاقت اور فوائد

جمہوریت کی بنیادی طاقتوں میں سے ایک انفرادی آزادیوں کے تحفظ کے عزم میں پنہاں ہے۔ آئینی ضمانتوں اور آزاد عدالتی نظام کے ذریعے جمہوریت شہریوں کو اپنی رائے دینے، اختلاف رائے کا اظہار کرنے اور حکومتوں کو جوابدہ ٹھہرانے کا پلیٹ فارم فراہم کرتی ہے۔ مزید برآں، جمہوریت نے سماجی مساوات کو آگے بڑھانے، شہری حقوق کی تحریکوں کو فروغ دینے، اور نظامی امتیاز کو چیلنج کرنے میں اہم کردار ادا کیا ہے۔ اقتصادی طور پر، جمہوری معاشروں نے جدت، کاروبار، اور پائیدار ترقی کی اعلیٰ سطحوں کا مظاہرہ کیا ہے۔

جمہوریت کے چیلنجز اور کمزوریاں

اپنی بہت سی طاقتوں کے باوجود، جمہوریت کو عصری دنیا میں زبردست چیلنجز کا سامنا ہے۔ جمہوری اداروں کو لاحق خطرات، جیسے آمریت، بدعنوانی، اور جمہوری اصولوں کا کٹاؤ، نمایاں خطرات لاحق ہیں۔ سماجی و اقتصادی اضطراب اور سیاسی پولرائزیشن کی وجہ سے پاپولزم کے عروج نے جمہوری نظاموں کی لچک کا امتحان لیا ہے۔ مزید برآں، قوموں کے اندر اور دونوں کے درمیان عدم مساوات برقرار ہے، جمہوری طرز حکمرانی کے لیے مزید جامع نقطہ نظر کی ضرورت کو اجاگر کرتی ہے۔

ڈیجیٹل دور میں جمہوریت

ڈیجیٹل دور کی آمد نے جمہوریت کے لیے نئے مواقع اور چیلنجز کا آغاز کیا ہے۔ تکنیکی ترقی نے معلومات تک رسائی میں اضافہ کیا ہے، جس سے شہریوں کو زیادہ باخبر رہنے اور مشغول ہونے کے قابل بنایا گیا ہے۔ ای گورننس کے اقدامات شفافیت، کارکردگی اور فیصلہ سازی میں شہریوں کی شرکت کو بڑھانے کی صلاحیت رکھتے ہیں۔ تاہم، ڈیجیٹل دور خطرات بھی پیش کرتا ہے، بشمول غلط معلومات کا پھیلاؤ، رازداری کو لاحق خطرات، اور ڈیجیٹل تقسیم۔ ان چیلنجز کے پیش نظر جمہوری اقدار کا تحفظ انتہائی ضروری ہے۔

شہری مشغولیت اور فعال شہریت کو فروغ دینا

ایک پروان چڑھتی جمہوریت کے لیے فعال شہریوں کی شمولیت کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ تعلیم اور میڈیا کی خواندگی ایک باخبر شہری پیدا کرنے میں اہم کردار ادا کرتی ہے جو معلومات کا تنقیدی تجزیہ کرنے اور تعمیری مکالمے میں مشغول ہونے کے قابل ہو۔ نچلی سطح کی تحریکیں اور سول سوسائٹی کی تنظیمیں سماجی تبدیلی اور وکالت کے لیے ضروری اتپریرک کے طور پر کام کرتی ہیں۔ نوجوانوں کی شرکت اور نسلی مکالمے جمہوریت کے مستقبل کی تشکیل کے لیے لازم و ملزوم ہیں۔

ڈیموکریٹک گورننس اور عالمی تعاون

جمہوریت صرف قومی حدود تک محدود نہیں ہے۔ اقوام متحدہ جیسی بین الاقوامی تنظیمیں عالمی سطح پر جمہوری اقدار کو فروغ دینے میں اہم کردار ادا کرتی ہیں۔ جمہوری طرز حکمرانی کے ذریعے عالمی چیلنجوں بشمول ماحولیاتی تبدیلی، غربت اور تنازعات سے نمٹنے کے ذریعے، قومیں تعاون، شمولیت اور امن کو فروغ دے سکتی ہیں۔ جمہوریت سرحدوں کو عبور کرتی ہے اور جمہوری اصولوں کو برقرار رکھنے کے لیے پرعزم قوموں کے درمیان یکجہتی کا مطالبہ کرتی ہے۔

جمہوریت کا مستقبل

جیسے جیسے معاشرے ترقی کرتے ہیں، اسی طرح جمہوری اداروں کا بھی ہونا چاہیے۔ بدلتی ہوئی معاشرتی ضروریات کے مطابق ڈھالنے کے لیے مسلسل عکاسی، اختراع اور دوبارہ ایجاد کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ جمہوریتوں کو متعلقہ اور موثر رہنے کے لیے نمائندگی، شمولیت، اور سماجی انصاف کے مسائل کو فعال طور پر حل کرنا چاہیے۔ ان کے منفی اثرات سے بچتے ہوئے تکنیکی ترقی کو اپنانا ناگزیر ہے۔ جامع اور شراکتی جمہوریت کے لیے جدوجہد اس بات کو یقینی بناتی ہے کہ کوئی فرد یا گروہ ایک منصفانہ اور مساوی معاشرے کے حصول میں پیچھے نہ رہے۔

جمہوریت کی خوبیاں

جمہوریت امید اور ترقی کی ایک کرن کے طور پر کھڑی ہے، جمہوریت بہت سارے فوائد پیش کرتی ہے جس نے حکمرانی کی سب سے معزز شکلوں میں سے ایک کے طور پر اس کی پوزیشن کو مستحکم کیا ہے۔ اس کی سب سے بڑی طاقت اپنے شہریوں میں بااختیار بنانے اور شمولیت کے احساس کو فروغ دینے میں مضمر ہے۔ ہر اہل فرد کو آزادانہ اور منصفانہ انتخابات کے ذریعے فیصلہ سازی کے عمل میں حصہ لینے کا حق دے کر، جمہوریت اس بات کو یقینی بناتی ہے کہ قوم کے مستقبل کی تشکیل میں عوام کی آوازیں سنی جائیں اور ان پر غور کیا جائے۔ مزید برآں، جمہوریت سرکاری اداروں میں شفافیت اور جوابدہی کو فروغ دیتی ہے، کیونکہ رہنما ووٹر کے سامنے جوابدہ ہوتے ہیں اور باقاعدہ جانچ پڑتال کے تابع ہوتے ہیں۔ مزید برآں، جمہوری معاشرے زیادہ مستحکم اور پرامن ہوتے ہیں، کیونکہ طاقت کو طاقت یا جبر کے بجائے پرامن طریقے سے انتخابات کے ذریعے منتقل کیا جاتا ہے۔ مزید برآں، جمہوریت بنیادی انسانی حقوق کے تحفظ کی حوصلہ افزائی کرتی ہے، سماجی انصاف اور سب کے لیے مساوات کو فروغ دیتی ہے۔ سیاسی مسابقت، آزادی اظہار، اور ایک متحرک سول سوسائٹی کی حوصلہ افزائی کرکے، جمہوریت اختراع، تخلیقی صلاحیتوں اور سماجی ترقی کو تحریک دیتی ہے۔ جمہوریت کے یہ فوائد اجتماعی طور پر ایک زیادہ جامع، خوشحال اور ہم آہنگ معاشرے میں حصہ ڈالتے ہیں، جو اسے دنیا بھر میں طرز حکمرانی کا ایک ترجیحی انتخاب بناتے ہیں۔

جمہوریت کے نقصانات

اگرچہ جمہوریت کے  بے شمار فوائد  ہیں، لیکن یہ اپنی خامیوں اور چیلنجوں کے بغیر نہیں ہے۔ ایک اہم نقصان نااہلی اور فیصلہ سازی کے سست عمل کی صلاحیت میں ہے۔ جمہوری نظاموں میں، اتفاق رائے تک پہنچنے کے لیے اکثر وقت گزاری بحثوں اور مذاکرات کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے، جو فوری مسائل کے لیے فوری ردعمل میں رکاوٹ بن سکتی ہے۔ مزید برآں، انتخابی نتائج کی غیرمتوقعیت قیادت میں بار بار تبدیلیوں کا باعث بن سکتی ہے، جس کے نتیجے میں پالیسی میں عدم استحکام اور عدم مطابقت پیدا ہوتی ہے۔ مزید برآں، عوامی حمایت کے حصول میں، سیاست دان پاپولزم کا سہارا لے سکتے ہیں اور ایسے وعدے کر سکتے ہیں جنہیں وہ ممکنہ طور پر پورا نہیں کر سکتے، جس سے طویل مدت میں مایوسی اور عوامی عدم اعتماد پیدا ہوتا ہے۔ جمہوری عمل ہیرا پھیری اور غلط معلومات کے لیے بھی حساس ہو سکتا ہے، کیونکہ جعلی خبروں اور پروپیگنڈے کا پھیلاؤ رائے عامہ کو متاثر کر سکتا ہے اور انتخابات کو متاثر کر سکتا ہے۔ مزید برآں، اکثریت کے جبر کا خطرہ ہے، جہاں اقلیتی گروہوں کے مفادات اکثریت کی مرضی کے زیر سایہ یا نظر انداز ہو سکتے ہیں۔ یہ نقصانات جمہوریت کی پیچیدگی کو واضح کرتے ہیں، اس کی خامیوں کو دور کرنے اور اس کے اصولوں کو مؤثر طریقے سے برقرار رکھنے کے لیے مستقل چوکسی، تعلیم اور شراکتی شہریت کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔

جمہوریت امید اور ترقی کی ایک کرن کے طور پر کھڑی ہے، شہریوں کو بااختیار بناتی ہے اور اجتماعی بہبود کو فروغ دیتی ہے۔ اس کی تاریخی رفتار چیلنجوں کے مقابلہ میں جمہوری نظریات کی لچک اور موافقت کو نمایاں کرتی ہے۔ اس کی کمزوریوں کو تسلیم کرکے اور ان کا ازالہ کرکے، شہری مشغولیت کو فروغ دے کر، ڈیجیٹل ٹیکنالوجیز کی صلاحیت کو اپناتے ہوئے، اور عالمی تعاون کو فروغ دے کر، ہم جمہوریت کی مکمل تبدیلی کی طاقت کو بے نقاب کر سکتے ہیں۔ افراد، برادریوں اور قوموں کی اجتماعی کوششوں سے ہی ہم ایک ایسے مستقبل کی تعمیر کر سکتے ہیں جہاں جمہوریت پروان چڑھے، انصاف، مساوات اور سب کے لیے وقار کو یقینی بنائے۔

یہ بھی پڑھیں: سیاست پر مضمون – تعریف، اہداف و مقاصد اور کردار

اگر آپ کو جمہوریت پر مضمون پسند آیا ہے تو اپنے دوستوں کے ساتھ سوشل میڈیا پر ضرور شئیر کریں۔ مزید اردو مضامین کے لئے ہمارے ویب سائٹ کو ضرور سبسکرائب کریں۔

متعلقہ تحریریں

Essay On Democracy In Pakistan Pdf (200 & 500 Words)

Democracy is a government system where the people hold power, either directly or through elected representatives. In Pakistan, democracy has had a tumultuous history since its independence in 1947. The country has experienced periods of military rule and political instability but also moments of democratic progress. This essay will explore the history of democracy in Pakistan, its current state, and its challenges.

Pakistan’s first constitution was adopted in 1956, establishing a parliamentary system with a Prime Minister as the head of government. However, this democratic experiment was short-lived, as the country faced a series of coups d’état by the military. Between 1958 and 1971, Pakistan was ruled by military dictators, including Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan. In 1971, East Pakistan declared independence and became the separate nation of Bangladesh.

Democracy returned to Pakistan in 1972 with the election of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as Prime Minister. Bhutto’s government introduced significant reforms, including nationalizing key industries and adopting a new constitution. However, Bhutto’s rule was marked by allegations of corruption and authoritarianism, leading to his ouster in a military coup in 1977.

The military regime of General Zia-ul-Haq lasted from 1977 to 1988, during which time Pakistan became a key ally of the United States in the Cold War. Zia-ul-Haq implemented a series of Islamization policies, including introducing Sharia law and establishing Islamic courts. However, his rule was also marked by human rights abuses and political repression.

Democracy returned to Pakistan in 1988 with the election of Benazir Bhutto as Prime Minister. Bhutto’s government faced numerous challenges, including a weak economy, the ongoing conflict in Kashmir, and tensions with neighboring India. Her government was dismissed in 1990 on corruption charges, but she was re-elected in 1993. Bhutto’s second term was also marked by controversy and accusations of corruption, leading to her dismissal in 1996.

Pakistan experienced another period of military rule from 1999 to 2008 under the leadership of General Pervez Musharraf. During this time, Pakistan became a crucial ally in the United States’ war on terror, and Musharraf introduced several economic and social reforms. However, his regime was also marked by political repression and human rights abuses.

Democracy returned to Pakistan in 2008 with the election of Asif Ali Zardari as President. Zardari’s government faced numerous challenges, including ongoing conflict with militant groups, a weak economy, and accusations of corruption. Zardari’s government was also criticized for failing to address human rights abuses and promote democratic institutions.

In 2013, Pakistan experienced its first peaceful power transfer from one democratically elected government to another. The Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) won the general election, and Nawaz Sharif became Prime Minister for the third time. However, Sharif’s government was dismissed in 2017 by the Supreme Court on charges of corruption.

Today, Pakistan’s democracy faces several challenges. The country is grappling with the ongoing conflict with militant groups, a weak economy, and widespread corruption. Pakistan’s democratic institutions, including its judiciary and the electoral commission, have also been criticized for their lack of independence and impartiality.

In conclusion, democracy in Pakistan has had a tumultuous history, marked by periods of military rule and political instability. While there have been moments of democratic progress, the country continues to face significant challenges in promoting democratic institutions, human rights, and good governance. The path forward for Pakistan’s democracy will require a commitment to reform and a willingness to address the country’s complex and inter

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Speech On Democracy In Urdu

Back to: اردو تقاریر | Best Urdu Speeches

آزادی ایک پر تقریر

صدر محترم ومعزز حاضرینِ کرام!!! اسلام و علیکم!

اپنی آج کی اس تقریر میں زیرِبحث موضوع جس کا عنوان “جمہوریت” ہے اس لفظ کی تعریف و تنقید میں سفید و سیاہ پہلوؤں پر روشنی ڈالنے جا رہا ہوں۔ بہت سے لوگ اس کے مطالب سے بھی واقف ہونگے اور کچھ جمہوریت کی سیاہ کاریوں سے ناواقف بھی۔ ممالک میں کیا نظام جاری و ساری ہے، کس نے کیا کہا، کیا ہوا ، کچھ بولا کچھ تولا، سب کچھ جمہوریت سے ہی منسلک ہے۔ جیسا کہ اقبال رحمتہ اللہ علیہ نے فرمایا۔۔۔

جنابِ عالی! جمہوریت لفظی طور پر عوامی منتخب شدہ حکومت کی ایک شکل ہے۔ حکومت کو ہم عوام یہ اختیار اس لئے دیتے ہیں کہ وہ قانون ساز اسمبلی بنائیں اور عوام کی فلاح و بہبود کا سوچیں۔ ان امور کی کچھ بنیادیں آزاد حیثیت سے اسمبلی اور تقریر ، شمولیت اور مساوات ، رکنیت ، رضامندی ، ووٹنگ ، زندگی کا حق اور اقلیتی حقوق ہیں۔

ایک دستور ساز اسمبلی کا یہ کام ہے کہ عوام کی بہتری کے لئے کچھ کام کرے۔ مگر دورِحاضر میں سب کچھ اس کے بالکل برعکس ہورہا ہے۔ عوام بھوکی مر رہی ہے، غریب کو انصاف میسر نہیں، جہاں دو دو قانون ایک ٹریک پر چل رہے ہوں، امیر کا ایک قانون غریب کا دوسرا قانون۔ تو سامعین! میں ایسے قانون کو تسلیم نہیں کرتا۔ میں ہرگز ایسی جمہوریت کو تسلیم نہیں کرتا جس میں کم سِن بچوں سے زیادتی کرنے والوں کو عبرت کا نشانہ نہ بنایا جائے۔ جہاں میری سرحدیں بنا جنگ کے ہر سال ۱۰ ہزار فوجیوں کی لاشیں دیتی ہوں اور جمہوریت کے ٹھیکےدار پچاس پچاس برس تک اقتدار کے ایوانوں میں گرمی میں سرد اور سردی میں گرم دفتروں میں دراز ہو کر ملک کی بھاگ دوڑ سنبھالے ہوئے ہوں۔ جمہوریت کا نظام عوام کی بہتری کے لئے ہونا چاہئے مگر یہاں میرے اعلیٰ عہدےداروں نے اپنے لئے اس جمہوریت کو ڈھال بنا لیا ہے۔ مجھے حیرت ہوتی ہے کہ اس جمہوریت نے ہمیں دیا ہی کیا ہے۔ انصاف کا فقدان، سفارشوں کی بھرتیاں، نااہلوں کا اقتدار۔ جمہوریت کی سیاہی کو اقبال نے کس خوبصورتی سے بیان کیا ہے ۔سماعتوں کا طالب ہوں۔

عصرِحاضر میں یہ جمہوریت اس قدر نفسیاتی ہوگئی ہے کہ رقص و تماشا بنتی جارہی ہے۔ آزادی حق کا نام ہے۔ جمہوریت جس میں آپ اپنے نمائندے اپنے ووٹ کی طاقت سے لاتے ہو مگر پھر پانچ برس تک وہ نمائندے جو چاہیں کریں ان پر سب حلال ہو جاتا ہے۔آج کل جمہوریت دراصل جاگیردارانہ نظام بن گیا ہے۔

پاکستان کی آزادی کے بعد جمہوریت غیر معمولی طور پر ناکام ہوگئی کیونکہ پاکستان میں کمزور اور بکھری ہوئی سیاسی جماعتیں موجود ہیں جو حکومت کرنے والے کلیدی تنازعات کو حل کرنے میں ناکام رہی ہیں۔ اقتدار کی حوس میں بوٹوں والوں نے بھی کئی بار ایوانِ اقتدار میں پریڈ کرنا شروع کردیا تھا۔

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What is Democracy? (Urdu)

Education for all (urdu), what are the key features of a democracy (urdu).

• Uncategorized
• Urdu Dubbed Videos

Democracy is a political system featuring the principle of the ‘rule by the people.’ Instead of having one person making all the decisions in a country, democracy brings together the views and interests of all people so that the future of the country can be decided based on all these views.

A joint Urdu dubbing project of  Mashal Books  and the  Eqbal Ahmad Centre for Public Education  with generous support from Nasser Ahmad / The i-Care Foundation .

Also watch  What are the Key Features of a Democracy?

Special thanks to  Civics Academy SA .

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Essay on “Democracy in Pakistan” for CSS, and PMS

• January 24, 2022
• Essay for CSS PMS and Judiciary Exam

This is an Essay on “Democracy in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and Judiciary Examinations. Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so.” Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or through freely elected representatives. As Democracy is a very popular topic so, here is a complete Essay on “Democracy in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and judiciary examinations.

What is democracy? Essentials of democracy Democracy in Pakistan

A brief history

• The early period from 1947-58
• Period of General Ayub and General Zia
• Political turmoil and General Pervaiz Musharraf

Causes of failure of democracy in Pakistan

• Delayed Framing of the Constitution
• Leadership Crisis
• Lack of education
• No independence of the judiciary
• Weak political parties and their infighting
• Delayed elections and rigging
• Corruption and nepotism
• Quasi-Federalism and Conflict between Eastern and Western Wings
• Terrorism and extremism

Pakistani Democracy Vs. Western Democracy

Suggestions

• Effective accountability of the politicians
•  Reforming judiciary
• Abolish feudalism
• Eliminate corruption
• Two parties system on the pattern of the USA, UK
• Amendment in the constitution
• Fair and free election
• Increase the education budget to educate people
• Uninterrupted democratic process
• Strengthening the institutions

Essay on “Democracy in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and Judiciary Examinations

“You have to stand guard over the development and maintenance of Islamic democracy, Islamic social justice, and the equality of manhood in your own native soil.” -Muhammad Ali Jinnah,

To acquire immunity to eloquence is of the utmost importance to the citizens of a democracy. – Bertrand Russell

Democracy is a form of government in which all citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal (and more or less direct) participation in the proposal, development, and passage of legislation into law. It can also encompass social, economic, and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination. While there is no specific, universally accepted definition of ‘democracy’, equality and freedom have both been identified as important characteristics of democracy since ancient times. These principles are reflected in all citizens being equal before the law and having equal access to legislative processes.

For example, in a representative democracy, every vote has equal weight, no unreasonable restrictions can apply to anyone seeking to become a representative, and the freedom of its citizens is secured by legitimized rights and liberties which are generally protected by a constitution.

Many people use the term “democracy” as shorthand for liberal democracy, which may include elements such as political pluralism; equality before the Jaw; the right to petition elected officials for redress of grievances; due process; civil liberties; human rights ; and elements of civil society outside the government. In the United States, separation of powers is often cited as a central attribute, but in other countries, such as the United Kingdom, the dominant principle is that of parliamentary sovereignty (though in practice judicial independence is generally maintained).

In other cases, “democracy” is used to mean direct democracy. Though the term “democracy” is typically used in the context of a political state, the principles are applicable to private organizations and other groups as well.

Democracy in Pakistan

Democracy in its true spirit has never been allowed to take root in Pakistan. Since its independence in 1947, a military-bureaucratic establishment has always governed the country. Army generals usurp power at their own convenience and quit only when they are forced to quit by mass political movements or by sudden unexpected death. When forced by external or internal pressures, democracy is given a chance but in reality, a group of army generals keeps controlling the decision-making.

This direct or indirect military influence is the greatest impediment to the evolution of a stable governing system in Pakistan. Besides, the army is not solely responsible for this mass but it is our inefficient politicians who provide an opportunity for to army to take over.

A brief history of Democracy in Pakistan

Recalling the last 62 years of Pakistan, democracy is found only as an interval before the next military general comes to the scene. The future of democracy was doomed from the start when Liaquat Ali Khan, the first elected Prime Minister, was shot at a public gathering. Nobody knows to this day who did it and why. From now on, the balance of power was to shift in the favor of the military. A comparison tells us how this shift came up. From 1951-57 India had one Prime Minister and several army chiefs while during the same period Pakistan had one army chief and several Prime ministers.

The same army chief, the Sandhurst-trained general, Ayub Khan was to announce the first martial law in the country in 1958 and then a series of military rules were to follow.

General Ayub Khan could not withstand a popular national movement against him and transferred power to General Yahya Khan in March 1969. Under him, Pakistan lost its half which is now Bangladesh. Power was then transferred to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as the first civilian martial law administrator. Bhutto pursued an independent policy, which was against what generals and the US wanted, and he had to pay with his life.

Charged for compliance in murder, Bhutto was hanged by the next martial law administrator, General Zia ul Haq. The hanging of an elected Prime Minister was shocking news to the world and Pakistan was to have the effects years later. The general died in a mysterious plane crash.

Then came a ten years gap of experimentation with democracy and every two years each elected government was ousted by the special discretionary powers of the president . An end to this ten-year spell came with a new general coming to power ousting the incumbent elected government of Mian Nawaz Sharif. This time the Prime Minister was charged with conspiring against the state and was ousted from the country.

The immediate and foremost requirement of the Constituent Assembly was to frame a democratic constitution for the country. The constitution had to lay down the form of government, and the role of the judiciary, military, and bureaucracy. It had to decide the basic issues about provincial autonomy, religion and the state, the joint or separate electorate, representation of minorities and women in assemblies, fundamental rights, and civil liberties.

The debate over the representation of eastern and western wings of the country and religion versus secularism were the two main hindrances in the way of framing the constitution. As against India, which was able to frame the constitution of the country within two years of independence in 1949, Pakistan took nine years to finalize the constitution in 1956, which did not work for more than two years and was abrogated.

The second constitution was framed by a military ruler General Ayub in 1962 which could last as long as he was in power. Finally, it was after the separation of East Pakistan and a lapse of more than a quarter of a century (1947-1973) that the elected representatives of the people under the leadership of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto framed a consensus constitution envisaging a  federal, democratic structure for the country and a parliamentary form of government.

This constitution has survived in spite of the breakdown of democracy twice in 1978 and 1999 and hopefully has come to stay. But the delay in framing the constitution harmed the growth of political democracy, as it allowed the authoritarian rule of the Governor-General to continue for seven long years (1947-56), which set this inglorious tradition in the country.

The second obstacle in the way of democracy is the culture of feudalism. Democracy cannot develop in the suffocating atmosphere of feudalism. The history of feudalism in the subcontinent is not very old. It owes its origin to the war of independence in 1857 when different people were awarded large swathes of land by the British government because of their treacherous cooperation with the latter. Those feudal families joined Muslim League when they saw that Pakistan was going to be a reality and inherited power after the death of the founding father. Feudalism has now become a severe migraine for the nation. Democracy and feudalism are incompatible.

Change of faces at the wheel has not served any purpose. Even these feudal lords occupy more than 70 % of our land leaving the people to lead a miserable life. They are senators, ministers, MPAs, MNAs, and also the owners of major industries in Pakistan. There is a crying need to bring some structural changes in order to strengthen the political system. Industrialization has also played a significant role in the strengthening of democracy across the world. Great Britain is considered the mother of democracies on this planet.

Some analysts are of the view that democracy has its origin in the Magna Carta, Bill of Rights and Habeas Corpus, etc. But even after these developments very mighty rulers have ruled Great Britain. In fact, the invention of the steam engine led to the industrial revolution which eradicated the roots of feudalism and the evil of absolute monarchy. All this resulted in the development of democracy. In Pakistan, there is everything from adult franchises to the separation of powers between the three organs of government but no plan for that kind of industrial revolution.

Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the father of the nation and the first Governor-General, died just one year after the establishment of Pakistan on September 11, 1948, and his right-hand lieutenant Liaquat Ali Khan, who was the first Prime Minister, was assassinated on October 16, 1951. About the capability of other leaders of the Pakistan Muslim League (PML), the party which had successfully piloted the movement for Pakistan, Jinnah had ruefully remarked that “he had false coins in his pocket”.

Consequently, several ministers appointed initially were not politicians and did not have a seat in the Assembly. Similarly, in 1954, there were several members of the Prime Minister’s cabinet without a seat in Parliament. “The cabinet and other high political appointments reflected a paucity of talent among the politicians.”

It is indeed a sad commentary on the elected members of the first Legislature and Constituent Assembly of Pakistan that they could not find a suitable head of state from among their own ranks. Most of them came from the civil bureaucracy or the military. The civil-military bureaucracy did not have a favorable opinion about the competence of political leaders and often took decisions without consulting them. This adversely affected their political training, development, and growth.

The inability to control the Anti-Ahmadiya Movement in Punjab in 1953 was blamed on inept political leadership. This religious movement was spearheaded by the religious Ahrar Party which had opposed the establishment of Pakistan and now wanted again to come into the limelight. They were supported by other religious parties, i.e., Jamaat-i-Islami, JamiatuiUlema-i-Pakistan, and JamiatulUlerna-i-Islam. The movement was exploited by politicians in their own political interests.

But the civil-military bureaucracy was against the religious parties dominating the power structure either in the provinces or the center. To rescue the city of Lahore where Ahmadis were in a “virtual state of siege” and their properties were being “burned or looted”, General Azam Khan, the Area Commander, was ordered by the Defense Secretary, to impose martial law in Lahore. It was met with the general approval of the people.

It was demonstrated that the civil-military bureaucracy “would not let politicians or religious ideologues lead the country to anarchy”. This also laid down the foundations of the supremacy of the military and orchestrated the initial rehearsal for the recurring imposition of Martial Law in the country and its acceptance by the people.

Lack of education has remained an important impediment to the democratization of countries. This is not just a problem for Pakistan but of the whole Third world. Laski, a famous political thinker said that education is the backbone of democracy. Democracy is a system of governance in which the people choose their representatives through elections. Their strength lies in the ballot box. If people are not vigilant and educated enough to make a better choice, democracy will not flourish in that country.

This is the main reason that even in the countries apparently practicing democracy but the majority of uneducated people are among the under-developed nations. Masses in Pakistan have not found ways of compelling their rulers to be mindful of their duty. Their failures in this regard result from insufficiency of experience and training in operating modem democratic politics. Democracy puts the highest premium on constitutionalism, which is possible only with the predominant majority of people. Pakistan’s democracy can neither improve nor become viable as long as the majority of the population remains uneducated.

Judiciary is one of the most important pillars of a state and in a country where the judiciary is not imparting justice , democracy cannot develop. During the Second World War, someone asked British Prime Minister Winston Churchill whether the British would win the war. The Prime Minister laughed and replied that if the British courts were dispensing justice, no one would trounce the United Kingdom. In Pakistan since 1954 judiciary has remained docile to the wishes of the executive. As Shelley says, “If the winter comes; can spring be far behind”.

In fact, since its birth, Pakistan has been governed by bureaucratic, military, and political elites. The bureaucratic elite generally became more assertive, steadily increasing their power at the expense of the political elite. Ayub’s term of office (1958-69) was the golden era for the bureaucracy, which exercised its powers, unbridled by any political interference. The weakness of political elites can be demonstrated by the fact that during seven years from 1951 to 1958, as many as seven Prime Ministers had been changed.

From 1988 to 1999, four democratically elected governments were replaced on charges of corruption, inefficiency, security risk, etc. The civil-military bureaucracy has dominated governance owing to the inherent weakness of the political parties and their incompetent leadership, resulting in the derailment of democracy thrice in the history of Pakistan, i.e., in 1958, 1977, and 1999.

Pakistan was not created as a theocracy but as a place where an economically marginalized minority could operate a democracy independently. It was to save the people from religious discrimination and domination by an overwhelming religious majority. Moreover, it emerged as a territorial state in the Muslim majority areas of the subcontinent. But the religious and secular groups soon started making conflicting demands while formulating the constitution of Pakistan.

The speech of Mr. Jinnah on August 11, 1947, addressed to the first legislative and constituent assembly of Pakistan, advocated political pluralism and declared that the “religion or caste or creed has nothing to do with the business of the State”. This has not adhered to the Objectives Resolution passed by the Constituent Assembly in 1949, which pacified the demands of Muslim religious parties and elements but was not supported by religious minorities.

The compromise solution attempted to balance the values and the spirit of Islam with the requirements of secularism. Due to a lack of competent and visionary political leadership , and the fact that Muslims constituted 98 percent of the population, the conservative religious leaders, partly due to their conviction and partly owing to their parochial interests, advocated and preached the establishment of a religiopolitical system based on Al-Quran and Sunnah.

They were skeptical of the politico-social development of modem times and western political institutions and forms of government. Their dogmatic theology clashed with the democratic culture envisioned by the founding fathers. Another adverse impact of the adoption of religion as a guiding principle in the constitution, was the promotion of religious sectarianism, especially between the two major sects inhabiting Pakistan, i.e., Sunnis and Shi’as. Some sections of these sects, instead of peaceful negotiations to overcome their differences, often resort to violence, which is against the spirit of both Islam and democracy. These rivalries fostered reliance on the security forces for the maintenance of law and order, which eroded the hold of democratic institutions in governance.

For any healthy constitutional and political system to function smoothly, strong and well-entrenched political parties are essential. Unfortunately, political parties in Pakistan have failed to develop into strong vehicles of national political will. The main responsibility for safeguarding democracy in a country falls on political parties. Pakistan, since its inception, was lacking well-organized and well-established political parties that could carry the representative system of governance forward.

The All-India Muslim League, which had piloted the movement of Pakistan from 1940 to 47, was not a well-organized political party, but it was primarily a movement. Leading a movement and organizing a political party are two different things. Most of its leaders belonged to areas that became part of the Indian Union and their majority did not come to Pakistan. Those who were in Pakistan, barring a few exceptions, belonged to feudal and landowning classes that in their nature were in conflict with the democratic dispensation. In fact “the leadership of the Pakistan movement had few roots in the land that became Pakistan.”

Their incompetence and constant wrangling for power in the initial nine years (1947-1956) were also responsible for the delay in constitution-making. Instead of cooperation and mutual accommodation, there was ceaseless infighting. For instance, as early as 1953, a clash between the leadership of Punjab and the central government led to intense communal riots and the imposition of Martial Law in Lahore, the provincial capital. Even as late as the decade 1988-99 of civil supremacy, the fight between the PML and the PPP led to the repeated dissolution of national and provincial assemblies and the dismissal of prime ministers and their cabinets. Finally, it ended with the military takeover in 1999.

The representative character of the civilian parliamentary government during the first decade of Pakistan’s existence was eroded because the country was governed under the Government of India Act of 1935. The purpose of the Act was “to make the appointed governor-general exert dominance over the elected prime minister.” The Act introduced a representative and centralized system of bureaucratic governance, which was an imperative requirement of the colonial government but not of democratic governance. The first general elections in the country should have been held in 1951, i.e., five years after the previous elections in 1946, but this could not happen till 1970.

The reasons for the delay were that the ruling elite, i.e., civil bureaucrats, migrant political leadership, and weak political parties, had few roots in the masses. As a consequence, general elections could not be held for 23 years (1947-1970) of the country’s initial history. On the expiry of the five years term of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (1972-1977), the second general elections on the basis of the adult franchise were held on March 7, 1977, which the PPP won with a vast majority.

The opposition parties alleged that the elections had been “rigged on a massive scale”. It has been commented: Elections in Pakistan had been rigged before, notably the presidential election in 1965 and the Provincial Assembly,y elections in the early 1950s, but rigging in these instances did not arouse the mass uprising as it did in 1977. The people of Pakistan were evidently not of the same mind now as they were in those earlier periods.

Corruption in bureaucracy and among political leaders poses a grave threat to good democratic governance. Quaid-i-Azam had termed corruption as “poison” and asked to put that down with an “iron hand”. Now that the international Reconciliation Ordinance, .vnich had withdrawn from prosecution any person “falsely involved for political reasons or through political victimization” between 1986 and 1999, has lapsed on November 28, 2009, the concerned individuals should get themselves cleared in a court of law in a transparent manner. The tribal nature of society in Pakistan is susceptible to nepotism. As an antidote, accountability and transparency are necessary. It is a challenge to the people to reject those leaders and political parties which indulge in corruption and nepotism.

One of the main bottlenecks in constitutional development in Pakistan was that its two wings were separated by about 1000 miles of hostile territory. The eastern wing consisted of one province but was more populous’ than the western wing which was much larger in the area and had as many as four provinces.

The western wing was not prepared to concede majority representation to the eastern wing in the parliament. After a confrontation of nine years between the two wings, the solution was evolved in the l956 constitution in the shape of parity of representation in a quasi-federal structure, neutralizing the majority of the eastern wing and paving the way for the manipulated domination of the western wing.

The domination of the western wing in governance led to an insurgency in the eastern wing which culminated in the separation and independence of Bangladesh in 1971. In post-1971 Pakistan, it came to be realized that ideological moorings alone could not easily overcome ethnic and economic differences. Yet the anti-ethnic attitude and anti-modem thinking prevalent in certain segments of society lean toward a unitary or quasi-federal state as against a true federation.

The latest threat is emanating from extremism and terrorism, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA). This is the spillover effect of the conflict in Afghanistan and is spreading to Pakistan. It is likely to continue as long as there is no peace and stability in that country. However, the military enjoying the support of the nation is successfully combating the extremists and terrorists under the supremacy of the civilian democratic government. It is hoped that the process would continue to its logical conclusion.

Due to the migration of literate Hindus and Sikhs to India, the literacy rate in Pakistan sharply declined. There was about 95 percent illiteracy in Pakistan in 1947, which acted as a hindrance to the growth of civil and democratic society. Feudalism and economic constraint did not permit any Pakistani government to launch a “crash course to expand literacy and grow higher standards.

The national economy has gone bankrupt and the national budget has become all foreign aid-dependent. Islam was the ideology that gave life to the Pakistan movement and later Pakistan itself but is now infested with sectarianism. Military policies gifted the country with cross-border terrorism and three million internally displaced people. Despite having the largest chunk of the national budget and being the seventh-largest army in the world, the Pakistan army is now in a mess of its own creation with little of its hard-earned prestige left to its credit.

The distorted face of the national system as a whole and the failure of the judiciary to guard the constitution of Pakistan are the major factors contributing to the change in the national mindset. The events of the last two years have clearly shown the preference of the people of Pakistan. The masses want democracy as a political and governing system for the country and a judiciary that guard the rights of the people. The military would be respected more if it stays in the barracks or guarded the national borders. The murder of Benazir Bhutto has taught new lessons.

If one compares Pakistani democracy with Western democracy it is said that for over 50 years, Pakistan remains occupied by three major interest groups in the time, opportunities, and resources of the besieged nation. The army, civil service, and the neo-colonial appointed landlords. If there was any rational tolerance scale, the Pakistani nation would certainly secure high marks on its standard of tolerance and survival under most unfavorable circumstances.

One of the pivotal factors supporting the notion of Western liberal democracies is that it provides opportunities for participation to ordinary citizens, right or wrong to culminate a sense of legitimacy for the election exercise and chose people of their interest to manage public affairs for a specified term. But the principles and standards for evil and good vary between the West and the Islamic world . Strange as is, in Pakistan, those who come to occupy the political offices never intend to quit the political power on their own except implication of military force through a coup.

Comparatively, on occasions, western democracies do” encourage educated and competent citizens to strive for their high ideas and ideals and come to the front stage and demonstrate their intentions and will power to seek the goal of ideal public service agendas. E.H. Carr defines the teaching-learning role of history and its value must not be ignored but preserved. Recall the Pakistani military dictators for the last forty-plus years, they each consumed a decade or more to relinquish power, that was not theirs in any systematic and logical context. Ayub Khan was ousted by Yahya Khan.

General Yahya with the complacency of Z.A. Bhutto surrendered East Pakistan to India (now Bangladesh) to share power with Bhutto but was put under house arrest as Bhutto assumed the power that did not belong to him based on the verdict of the people. Rightfully, it was Sheikh MujiburRehman, leader of the East Pakistan Awami League who should have been sworn in as the new leader of united Pakistan but it was treacherously undone by Yahya and Bhutto.

Both should have been tried as traitors in a court of law and punished. Not so, they were rewarded and Bhutto became the first civilian martial law administrator and self-made president of defeated Pakistan in December 1971. Dr.Ishtiaq Qureshi, editor of the Urdu Digest recorded for the history (“Sukoot-e-Dacca seyPurdhautha Hay”- Facts are revealed after the Dacca Surrender) that “in the quest for its survival Pakistan lost its destiny. Yahya and Mujib stabbed the body of Pakistan with one dagger and Bhutto will stab Pakistan with another dagger.”

Suggestions for Democracy in Pakistan

Fo1lowing are the suggestions for improving democracy in Pakistan:

An impartial system of accountability enhances public trust in the political system. It provides enormous strength to the democratic process. Moreover, it compels thousand who are charged with governance, to transparently discharge their official responsibilities. It ensures good governance and strengthens the political setup. In spite of facing innumerable challenges and showing unsatisfactory performance, Pakistanis have the capability to emerge as a democratic and progressive nation. Pakistan can road to democracy with the dedication, determination, commitment, courage, and patriotism of its political leaders.

Reforming the judiciary and incorporating Islamic laws can also soothe the deprived and poor masses who have been manipulated by the extremists due to the sheer negligence of the elected governments and ruling elite. This natura11y causes bitterness toward the present form of political setup.

Moving on, corruption and selfish attitudes are eating away at the institutional structure of our country and such practices never allow democracy to flourish. There is also a need for mature political leadership, which can think above its own gains. All this can only emerge after the formulation and implementation of strict accountability.

On the contrary, weak public institutions can be made strong and productive if the power and authority seep down. The example of many European countries is in front of us, where institutions are powerful and not politicians. Democracy in actuality can only be achieved through such measures.

Our constitution has been a source of constant controversy. Be it the realization of Islamic laws or the concentration of power in the head of the state, the constitution has served as a tool for the legitimization of alien changes and policies. Keeping the constitution intact has been long overdue. No one in power should be allowed to change it for prolongation of rule or appeasing any particular section. The Pakistani movement envisaged a democratic country with a federal structure.

In all Constitutions of Pakistan (1956, 1962, and 1973) the objectives of governance, in the words of Dr. Ainslie T. Embree, Professor Emeritus of Columbia University, are democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance, and social justice as enunciated by Islam, giving Muslims freedom to live their lives in accordance with the teachings of Islam, but with minorities having full freedom to profess their own religions.

Islam lays emphasis on the concept of Shura, i.e., consultation among people, which is the essence of democratic culture. Quaid-i-Azam, the founder of Pakistan had stated:

“We leamed democracy 1300 years ago. Democracy is i11 our blood. It is ill our marrows. Dilly centuries of adverse circumstances have made the circulation of that blood cold. It has got frozen, and our arteries are not functioning. But thank God, the blood is circulating again, thanks to the Muslim League’s efforts. It will be a People’s government. Culturally, ill the region of Pakistan, there is a concept of Jirga or Panchayat, i.e., an assembly of elders, to settle issues and disputes involving two or more two persons. This system has, been prevalent for ages, much before the advent of Islam. Thus, both religion and age-old tradition advocate the concept of consultation in decision-making through all assembly of people, which is the essence of democracy.”

During the period of British supremacy in the subcontinent, the practice of elections to assemblies (local, provincial and central) was introduced through various enactments. Finally, it was the Government of India Act 1935 under which the dominions of India and Pakistan functioned after independence till they framed their own constitutions. These enactments provided the groundwork for democratic governance. It may be of interest to note that even when the democratic rule was suspended by the armed forces, the military rulers always came with the promise to restore democratic governance .

For instance, in 1970, General Yahya Khan is credited with organizing the first-ever general elections in the country, which led to the establishment of democratic governments both in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Besides holding general elections in 2002 and 2007, General Musharraf’s introduction of a local government system introduced in 2001 is considered a “laudable model of governance” because of its principle that whatever can be done at the local level should not be done at a higher tier of governance.

The country is on the path to achieving full literacy and progress towards a higher standard of education in important disciplines. This is strengthening the civil society in ensuring the prevalence of democratic culture at the lower and higher level of governance. Secondly, the print and electronic media in Pakistan are vibrant and independent. A responsible media educates the masses, raises political consciousness, and thus promotes democratic values, norms, and culture. In addition, a number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are playing an active role in the field of education and contributing to the growth of a vibrant civil society and good governance.

The essential step seems to stop interruption in the democratic process so that we may see more than promos. To judge something, it has to be allowed a chance to survive and act. The elected government must be allowed to complete its tenure in any case. The military has to play a positive role here and not interfere in the smooth democratic process.

As mentioned before, a part of the population wants greater Islamic character in the Govt. and laws. If we analyze this demand, it will be apparent that the enforcement of Sharia is more related to lawmaking. Therefore, what is immediately required is a change in the judicial setup, which has been unable to gain the trust of people until recently. Encouraging steps have already started in this case, but much more needs to be done.

Sadly, the same corrupted pool of thought keeps appearing with new faces and the deceived masses blindly follow them. This is due to the absence of any kind of accountability. Political compromises enhance this trend. Such practices are against moral, democratic as well as Islamic principles and should end immediately.

Next, the all-powerful bureaucracy and feudal politicians should be stripped of their unwarranted authority. It has been a slow evil that has weakened the country like nothing else. They are elected for serving people not to control them. The criteria of merit; the right to freedom and equal progress for common people have become a joke due to such an autocratic setup.

The people of Pakistan in general lack political psyche and consciousness. This is largely due to poor literacy and a never-ending feudalistic rule over 60% of the country. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the masses and make them aware of their political rights. This can begin with greater political socialization by political parties and media.

In a democratic state, media has rightly been called the fourth pillar of the state. It can play a most important role in the present age for creating awareness. Our media has risen from the ashes like a phoenix. It, however, needs to play a positive constructive role and not become another compromised institution as well.

Finally, the strategic position and now the war against terror call forth unwanted attention from the international community sometimes. In the past, military rule has been covertly or openly supported by many countries to gain their own benefits in this region. The international powers must stop interfering in the democratic process and for that to happen, our own government, people and media need to be equally strong.

Politicians may have learned lessons from their past mistakes and are more mature politically. Consensus politics seem to be emerging in the country. In the past, the constant infighting amongst political parties had often led to interference and take-over by the armed forces.

Now a culture of reconciliation, accommodation, and dialogue is emerging. The ideological polarization is diminishing. After the general elections of February 2008, four major political parties, i.e., Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), PML – Nawaz (PML-N), Awami National Party (ANP), Jamiat-ulUlema-i-Islam – Fazalur Rahman (JUI-Fl and MuttahidaQaumi Movement (MQM) have joined hands to govern the country and re-establish the supremacy of the Parliament in accordance with the Constitution of 1973.

Our youth constitute 30% of the society they are representative of a new generation. Their participation may ensure structural improvements in the national paradigm. It has been witnessed that during the Pakistan movement youth played a vital role in opinion formation and mass awareness and so is the time now. There is a need to guide our youth to take responsibility for our tomorrow.

To sum up, it is the political leadership that can ensure the permanence of democratic governance. The prospects are, however, not as dismal as sometimes portrayed. Already, the literacy rate in Pakistan has increased to more than fifty-five percent. Efforts are afoot to improve the standard of higher education. Economic growth and industrialization have given birth to a vocal urban society and middle class, which is growing. and gradually lessening the influence of the feudal class.

The vibrant electronic and print media is playing an effective role in constructive criticism of the government and in educating the masses. Elections are being held regularly, representative political leadership and political parties are getting stronger and a peaceful mode of transfer of power is becoming the norm. The bureaucracy (both civil and military), though still powerful, may retreat gradually and submit to the people’s power and will and concede to democratic governance. The democratic process is progressing and, hopefully, will be obstructed and derailed, as in the past.

Expected question about this Essay:

• Why has democracy failed in Pakistan?
• What practical measures do you suggest for strengthening democracy in Pakistan?

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Democracy in Pakistan Essay with Quotations

Democracy in pakistan essay with quotations for fsc, class 10, class 12 and graduation.

This post contains an Essay on Democracy in Pakistan with Quotations for FSC, Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation. However, students of 2nd year can especially prepare this Democracy in Pakistan Essay. Some quotes are also available at the appropriate places in it. This is a sample essay taken from local notes. If you are a student in Pakistan, you can write this essay simply under the title essay on democracy, democracy essay, democracy in Pakistan essay and essay on Democracy in Pakistan. You will find more essays in Essays in English .

Essay on Democracy in Pakistan with Quotes for 2nd Year, B.A and BSC Students

“Democracy is the government of the people, for the people and by the people.” (Abraham Lincoln)

Representative democracy involves the sele3ction of government officials by the people being represented. The most common systems involve the election of the candidates with a majority vote.

Pakistan is a democratic and Islamic country, but democracy in Pakistan has been the most irregular and unsatisfactory. The principles of democracy are equality, freedom and social justice which are, unfortunately, not being fully enjoyed by the people of Pakistan. The reason is that the dictators never allow the principles of democracy to flourish in our country.

“When people fear the government, there is tyranny; when the government fears the people, there is liberty”

The existence of feudal system controls the lives of millions of villagers and farmers. They are in the majority in the country, but they do not enjoy even the rights of the minority. The uneducated people will continue the vote for their lords and they will always remain illiterate, backward and down-trodden. The members of our elected national and provincial assemblies are big guns. Their own benefits keep the country backwards. The big industrialists also jump into politics to share the political and commercial benefits with their “jagirdaar” brothers. These “jagirdaars” and industrialists have always joined hands with the military dictators. The result is that Pakistan has a history of martial-laws and dictatorial democracies.

Our top political leaders, ministers, chief ministers, prime ministers and presidents have been coming from upper classes. They do not understand layman’s problems because they do not have the required ability and vision.  They are responsible for martial-laws. Democracy cannot flourish in the country in the absence of suitable leaders. Selfish leaders destroy the process of democracy and keep the country poor and backward.

“Be not overcome by evil but overcome evil by good.” (Romans)

The rise in terrorism, the growth of provincialism and sectarianism, population explosion and bad economic policies have also damaged democracy. For the last sixty years, there have been dictatorial governments in Pakistan which have led the country to irreparable losses. Every ruler promised to redress the grievances and miseries of the common people of Pakistan but always proved to be oppressor, tyrant, and destroyer of the country. The opposing forces are still working hard to sabotage the democratic process. We need another Quaid-e-Azam to free us from the mental slavery and put the country back on the track of true democracy, progress and prosperity.

In a democracy, the poor will have more power than the rich, because there are more of them, and the will of the majority is supreme.”  (Aristotle)

Democracy did not fail in Pakistan because of illiteracy or caste or ethnic differences or any of the other reasons put forward. The real reason is the ideology; Pakistan is wedded to. Sadly this is true of any Islamic country. The current argument can be finished on these words of “ Democracy is a device that ensures we shall be governed no better than we deserve” . (G.B.Shaw)

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Democracy in Pakistan Essay with Quotations

by Pakiology | Nov 20, 2024 | Essay | 1 comment

Explore the evolution, challenges, and progress of democracy in Pakistan in this in-depth essay . Gain insights into the nation’s rich history, the influence of the military, the pervasive issue of corruption, and the role of civil society in shaping Pakistan’s democratic landscape.

Title: The Evolution of Democracy in Pakistan: Challenges, Progress, and Prospects for the Future

Introduction.

Pakistan, a country characterized by its rich and diverse history, has embarked on a tumultuous journey in pursuit of democracy. Overcoming numerous obstacles, its citizens have tenaciously defended their democratic rights and worked diligently to forge a more equitable society. In this comprehensive essay, we delve into the current state of democracy in Pakistan, recognizing its historical context, addressing the persistent challenges it confronts, highlighting the progress made, and considering the prospects for the future.

The Historical Landscape

Democracy, at its core, is a system of government grounded in the principle of representation, allowing citizens to actively participate in decision-making processes that impact their lives. Regrettably, the implementation of democracy in Pakistan has been marred by a series of military coups and periods of martial law, intermittently disrupting its democratic trajectory. Despite these adversities, Pakistan now operates as a federal parliamentary republic with a president and prime minister at the helm.

The Military’s Influence: A Persistent Challenge

A major impediment to democracy in Pakistan has been the enduring influence of the military on the political landscape. Pakistan’s history is replete with instances of military interventions in civilian governance, including several coups and martial law declarations. This persistent interference not only undermines democratic principles but also erodes public trust in the democratic system. Additionally, intelligence agencies have faced accusations of wielding substantial influence in the political sphere, further eroding democratic institutions and processes.

Corruption as a Hindrance: A Deep-Seated Issue

Another significant challenge is the pervasiveness of corruption within Pakistan. Corruption has become deeply ingrained in the country, with numerous politicians and government officials implicated in embezzlement and bribery. This deeply rooted issue corrodes the legitimacy of the democratic process and erodes public trust in the government. The adverse effects of corruption are most acutely felt by marginalized communities, who suffer from a lack of essential public services and resources.

The Resilience of Democratic Aspirations: Signs of Progress

Despite these formidable challenges, the citizens of Pakistan persistently strive to defend their democratic rights and fortify democratic institutions. In recent years, the country has seen a notable rise in the number of civil society organizations dedicated to advocating for transparency, accountability, and the promotion of awareness regarding democratic rights and freedoms. Additionally, the media has played a pivotal role in promoting democratic values and holding the government accountable for its actions.

The Role of Civil Society

Civil society organizations have emerged as vital agents of change in Pakistan’s democratic landscape. They tirelessly work to bridge the gap between the government and the governed, acting as watchdogs for accountability and transparency. Through advocacy, awareness campaigns, and public mobilization, these organizations have managed to shine a spotlight on the pressing issues of democracy and governance in Pakistan. Their activities range from monitoring elections to exposing corruption and advocating for the rule of law.

Media as the Fourth Estate

The media in Pakistan has undergone a transformational journey, evolving into a vibrant fourth estate that plays a crucial role in promoting democratic values. While media outlets often grapple with challenges such as censorship and intimidation, they continue to serve as a check on government power and a forum for diverse voices. Investigative journalism has uncovered corruption scandals, challenged authoritarianism, and provided a platform for citizens to engage in political discourse.

In conclusion, democracy in Pakistan remains an imperfect yet indispensable system, despite the numerous setbacks and challenges it has encountered. The people of Pakistan ardently safeguard their democratic rights, and the fortification of democratic institutions and processes is pivotal for the nation’s future. The enduring challenges posed by military influence, corruption, and public mistrust can only be surmounted through persistent efforts and sustained citizen engagement in the democratic process. As Pakistan continues its journey towards a more robust democracy, the world watches with hope and anticipation, recognizing the nation’s potential to overcome its challenges and achieve democratic excellence. The path may be long and arduous, but the resilience and determination of Pakistan’s people offer a promising outlook for the future of democracy in the country.

Quotes Related to Democracy

Here are a few quotes related to democracy and its challenges in Pakistan:

“A society that puts equality before freedom will get neither. A society that puts freedom before equality will get a high degree of both.” – Milton Friedman, Economist

“The greatest threat to democracy is not the enemies from without, but the enemies from within.” – Thomas Jefferson, Third President of the United States

“I believe that the real solution to the problems facing Pakistan lies in true democracy and the rule of law.” – Imran Khan, Former Prime Minister of Pakistan

“The price of freedom is eternal vigilance.” – John Philpot Curran, Irish Orator and Statesman.

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Sir you have used a lot of bitter words in this essay which are enough to awake a nation.😭😭😭😭 But It’s reality I think inshallah one day we will achieve that original democracy which will prevent our basic rights and our motherland…..

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