masters and phd in different fields

Is A PhD Harder Than A Masters? Masters vs PhD

Is a PhD harder than a Masters? Absolutely. And if you’re trying to decide between the two, you’re in the right place. Let’s break down why a PhD isn’t just a longer master’s.

A PhD is much harder than a masters. It takes more time, more research, and a lot more independence. It demands perseverance, self-motivation, and the ability to tackle complex problems without much guidance. It’s a whole different level of commitment.

In this article, you’ll learn the key differences between a master’s and a PhD. We’ll cover why a PhD is tougher, what makes it unique, and what can happen if you fail your PhD.

Difference Between Masters And PhD

The difference between a master’s degree and a PhD boils down to one thing: depth. A master’s degree helps you master your field, while a PhD forces you to take it apart piece by piece and contribute new knowledge to it.

In a master’s program, you’re still doing coursework and might write a thesis based on existing research. You’re learning to: apply knowledge, often part-time, juggling classes with other commitments.

But when you’re a PhD student, the game changes. Your life becomes a single, burning question—one that keeps you up at night, and not in a “how do I pass this class?” way, but in a “how do I change the entire field?” kind of way.

PhD students? They’re expected to work independently—researching, experimenting, and eventually producing a dissertation that contributes something new to academia.

This can take years, sometimes six or more, depending on the field. 

Is A PhD Harder Than A Masters?

Is a PhD harder than a master’s? Absolutely. The level of difficulty in pursuing a PhD vs a master’s isn’t even close. Here are five key reasons why a PhD is not just harder than a master’s—it’s a whole different beast.

PhDs Are Marathons, Not Sprints

Getting a master’s degree? You’re in for a solid two years of coursework, papers, and possibly a thesis. It’s challenging, no doubt, but you’re done within a reasonable timeframe.

A PhD? You’re committing five, six, maybe even more years of your life to one specific field of study. And the deeper you go into your research, the further away that finish line can feel.

The sheer length of time it takes to complete a PhD—combined with the constant self-directed research—makes it exponentially harder than a master’s.

PhD students often joke that they’re in a long-term relationship with their dissertation. But it’s true—you’re with it for years, through every draft, re-draft, and data analysis that makes you question your entire existence.

You Create Knowledge, Not Just Absorb It

In a master’s program, you’re working with knowledge that already exists. Sure, you write a thesis, but it’s based on existing literature.

When you get into a PhD program, things change. You’re not just reading—you’re generating  new knowledge.

Your PhD dissertation has to contribute something fresh to your field, and no one’s going to hold your hand while you figure out what that is.

PhD students are expected to work independently, which is a polite way of saying no one’s there to save you when you hit a wall.

You need to craft your own research questions, develop research methodologies , and conduct experiments that could take years.

That independence? It’s both liberating and terrifying. But also also answers yes to the question – is a PhD harder than a masters.

The Stakes For Doctorate Studies Are Higher

A master’s thesis is important, but a PhD dissertation ? That’s your magnum opus. It’s a beast of its own, and it doesn’t just sit on a shelf once you’re done.

It’s scrutinized by experts, defended in front of a panel, and can make or break your future in academia. If you can’t defend your dissertation, you’re not getting that doctorate degree.

The stakes go beyond the dissertation, though. The whole point of a PhD is to become an expert in a highly specific field. You’re staking your career on this research, hoping it will set you apart and pave the way for:

• postdoctoral work,
• publications, or
• a future in academia.

Fail to deliver? You might find yourself stuck with a mountain of student debt and nowhere to go.

The Isolation In Doctoral Studies Are Real

In a master’s program, you’re usually part of a close-knit cohort, taking classes together and working through similar assignments. You’ve got a support system, and you can generally see your progress clearly.

With a PhD? You’re often on your own.

Sure, you’ll have a PhD advisor, but they’re more likely to give you the nudge toward independence than walk you through your work.

PhD students spend most of their time working solo, buried in books, data, and that one nagging research question.

You can go weeks without meaningful human interaction, especially when you’re in the thick of writing or conducting research.

To Get A PhD Usually Comes With Financial Strain And Emotional Roll

Master’s programs, while not cheap, are usually shorter and often easier to manage financially. PhD students, on the other hand, can be trapped in a financial black hole.

While some PhD programs come with stipends , they’re usually small, and they can feel like a drop in the ocean compared to the living expenses you’ll rack up over the years. Plus, to make ends made, you may be juggling: 

• teaching assistantships,
• research assistantships, or

Emotionally, the stress can be crushing. Imposter syndrome? It’s practically a PhD prerequisite.

You may find your work frequently questioned, or worse, dismissed by more senior academics. This may be worse if you are unlucky enough to study in an unsupportive environment, such as with a bad supervisor.

You’ll question your intelligence, your abilities, and your decision to ever apply to a PhD program. 

And the worst part? It’s completely normal. Ask any PhD student, and they’ll tell you the same: at some point, you’ll feel like giving up. And sometimes, people do.

Can People Fail Their PhD Degree?

Yes, you can fail your PhD. And it’s not pretty. You can fail at different stages—like not getting through the qualifying exams or having your dissertation rejected.

PhDs are hard, and not everyone makes it to the finish line.

One of the biggest reasons people fail is the dissertation. You need to bring new knowledge to your field, and if that doesn’t happen, or your PhD committee isn’t convinced, it’s game over.

Another reason? PhD students burn out . It’s common for people to underestimate just how draining the years of self-driven research can be.

You’re expected to work alone, day in and day out. Unlike a master’s, where you’ve got coursework and group work, a PhD is much harder because it’s a solo mission.

Failing a PhD isn’t the end, but it’s rough. You don’t get the title, which means academia might be off the table.

That said, there are some options. You can leave with a master’s degree if you’ve completed enough of the requirements. Or you can move into industry roles—sometimes companies value the research experience even if you didn’t quite finish.

Of course, no one wants to think about failing, but knowing what’s at stake can be motivating. If you’re in a PhD program, make sure you:

• have a good advisor,
• stay connected, and
• don’t let yourself drown in isolation.

Must You Have A Masters Degree Before Pursuing A PhD?

Must you have a master’s degree before pursuing a PhD? Not always.

There are such things as fast-track PhDs , where students transition from undergraduate degree right into PhD, skipping masters.

But from my experience, it would be a good idea. Here three big reasons why you might want one.

First, getting a master’s degree gives you an idea of what’s coming. A PhD is much harder than a master’s:

• more research, and
• a bigger commitment. 

A master’s can be a great way to test the waters without diving into the deep end. Plus, it can help you decide if an academic career is really for you.

Second, some PhD programs expect you to already know the basics of research. With a master’s under your belt, you’ve already gone through:

• graduate coursework,
• written a thesis, and
• learned about research methodologies.

Coming into PhD straight from a bachelor degree means you need to catch up on your own. And let’s face it—being thrown into doctoral research without a clue can be a nightmare.

Third, a master’s degree can make your PhD application stronger. PhD spots are competitive, and having a master’s shows you’re serious and capable of advanced study.

It also gives you the chance to connect with faculty, get research experience, and maybe even co-author a paper. These things can make a huge difference in getting accepted into a good PhD program.

Masters vs PhD: They Are In A Different League

This post attempts to answer the question – is a PhD harder than a masters. Choosing between a master’s and a PhD depends on your goals, your patience, and how much you enjoy the challenge of independent research.

If you’re up for years of deep diving into a specific field and creating new knowledge, a PhD might be your calling. If you want a solid understanding without the extended commitment, a master’s might be the better fit.

Whatever you choose, just make sure it aligns with what excites you and where you see your future.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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Dual Degrees: Combined Master’s and Ph.D. Programs

• Dual degrees combine studies in two distinct but related fields, such as business and law.
• Earning two degrees together can increase your career options and salary potential.
• Dual degrees offer professional benefits, but tuition can get expensive.
• Consider your career goals carefully to decide if you really need a dual degree.

If you’re looking for career versatility and high salary potential , combined master’s and doctoral programs can help you advance quickly in your field. These specialized programs combine a master’s degree in one area with a doctorate in another area, such as a master’s in business and a law degree.

Our guide to master’s and Ph.D. combined programs offers information on popular programs, career options, and answers to common questions about dual degrees .

What Is a Dual Degree?

Master’s and Ph.D. combined programs give you complementary skills in two different areas of study, preparing you for careers that cross professional boundaries. These degrees focus on related subjects that commonly intersect, such as law and public policy. By studying both fields together, you gain a more specialized perspective that can make you more competitive in the job market.

Completing two degrees simultaneously can also help you graduate faster, save money on tuition, and enter the workforce sooner.

Featured Online Master’s Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

9 Popular Combined Master’s and Doctoral Programs

This list highlights nine of the most popular types of combined master’s and doctorate. These dual degrees bring together diverse fields such as business, medicine, and education.

1. MBA & Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)

Combining skills in business and nursing , a dual MBA/DNP prepares you for leadership positions in nursing and healthcare. With this dual degree, you’ll gain advanced skills in clinical care, nursing leadership, and healthcare management. An MBA/DNP gives you an understanding of both the practical and the business sides of the healthcare industry.

2. MBA & Doctor of Medicine (MD)

A dual MBA/MD can prepare you for cross-disciplinary jobs requiring intensive medicine and business leadership knowledge. Fusing two high-paying degrees , these master’s and doctorate combined programs train you for high-level healthcare leadership roles. Usually taking 5-6 years to complete, an MBA/MD equips you for clinical medical practice, medical leadership, and medical consultation in the private sector.

3. MBA & Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)

A combined MBA/Pharm.D. degree gives you comprehensive skills in both pharmacy practice and business leadership. This is an ideal program to pursue if you’re interested in a high-level career in the pharmaceutical industry. A dual MBA/Pharm.D. can also prepare you for entrepreneurship opportunities in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries.

4. MBA & Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)

A dual MBA/Psy.D. degree can prepare you for both clinical psychology practice and private sector consultation without forcing you to commit to either path. These programs focus on psychology and business knowledge, commonly preparing you for executive coaching or organizational consulting jobs.

5. MBA & Juris Doctor (JD)

One of the most versatile master’s and doctorate combined programs, a combined MBA/JD covers both business management and law. This degree can prepare you for careers in corporate law or any other industry where business and law intersect. MBA/JD programs take 3-5 years to complete.

6. Master of Education (M.Ed.) & Juris Doctor

A combined M.Ed./JD gives you extensive knowledge of law, education leadership, and education policy. Coursework typically explores the relationship between education organizations and state and federal education regulations. This degree is ideal if you want a career in education administration , advocacy, or policy development.

7. Master of Public Policy (MPP) & Juris Doctor

A dual MPP/JD degree provides insight into both law and public policy. Often taking four years to complete, these master’s and doctorate combined programs focus on regulatory and legal issues related to public policy. After graduating, you can work in law, government, or other policy-related careers .

8. Master of Science (MS) & Medical Doctor

An MS/MD degree combines medical knowledge with scientific research, giving you a deeper understanding of the science behind clinical healthcare. These programs can prepare you for careers in healthcare, medical research, and teaching. You can complete an MS/MD degree program in five years of full-time study.

9. Master of Public Health & Medical Doctor (MPH)

A combined MPH/MD highlights the intersection of community health and clinical medical practice. This degree combines individualized and community perspectives on healthcare issues, training you both to treat patients and address larger, population-wide health issues. An MPH/MD program typically takes 4-5 years to complete.

Is a Combined Master’s and Ph.D. Degree Worth It?

Combined master’s and Ph.D. programs offer some notable professional benefits, including increased job options and higher salary potential. However, earning two advanced degrees usually doesn’t come cheap — particularly if you’re pursuing high-paying fields such as medicine, business, and law.

Ultimately, you have to weigh the increased cost of earning two degrees against potential future earnings in your field.

If you’re interested in a specific career path or hope to advance in your current job, a dual degree can be a practical choice. At the same time, it’s crucial to consider your return on investment and how much more you can realistically earn by completing two graduate degrees instead of just one.

Frequently Asked Questions About Dual Master’s and Ph.D. Programs

How long does a combined master’s and ph.d. program take.

Completion times for combined master’s and Ph.D. programs vary by school and type of degree, but most programs take 3-6 years. Accelerated programs may take as few as three years, while part-time programs usually take longer.

Do you need your master’s to earn a Ph.D.?

Education requirements for admission vary by program. Some dual degrees, such as the MBA/DNP, often require you to hold a master’s in nursing to apply. Others, such as the MBA/JD, only require a bachelor’s degree. Consult individual program admissions requirements to learn what level of education you need to apply.

What can you do with a combined master’s and Ph.D.?

Most combined master’s and Ph.D. programs prepare you for management roles and other advanced positions within your field. These degrees also qualify you for more specialized jobs that combine knowledge from multiple fields, such as healthcare management or corporate law.

Can you get your master’s and Ph.D. at the same time?

Dual master’s and Ph.D. programs often let you complete coursework for both degrees simultaneously. Combining coursework helps you earn your master’s and doctorate in less time than it would take to complete both degrees separately. Some programs may split coursework for the two degrees into different school years, while others let you work toward both degrees simultaneously.

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Dual-Degree Program Guide

Discover the benefits and differences of dual-degree programs and how they can enhance your academic and career opportunities in this comprehensive guide.

by Danika Miller

Updated September 17, 2024

Dual Degree vs. Double Major: What’s the Difference?

Are you considering a dual degree or double major in college? Learn the differences, pros and cons, and which path is right for you.

Updated May 31, 2024

Do You Need a Master’s to Get a Ph.D.?

Do you need a master’s to get a Ph.D.? Well, the answer may surprise you — learn more about graduate degree pathways.

by Thomas Broderick

Updated August 24, 2023

Masters vs. PhD

What's the difference.

A Master's degree and a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) are both advanced academic degrees, but they differ in terms of their level of specialization and the depth of research involved. A Master's degree typically requires one to two years of study beyond a bachelor's degree and focuses on providing a comprehensive understanding of a specific field or discipline. It involves coursework, exams, and sometimes a thesis or capstone project. On the other hand, a PhD is the highest level of academic achievement and requires several years of rigorous research and independent study. It involves original research, the creation of a dissertation, and a defense of the research findings. A PhD is typically pursued by individuals seeking to contribute new knowledge to their field and often leads to careers in academia or research.

Further Detail

Introduction.

When it comes to pursuing higher education, many individuals consider obtaining a Masters or a PhD degree. Both degrees offer unique opportunities for personal and professional growth, but they also differ in various aspects. In this article, we will explore and compare the attributes of Masters and PhD programs, shedding light on their differences and helping individuals make informed decisions about their educational journey.

Duration and Scope

A Masters degree typically takes around one to two years to complete, depending on the program and the student's dedication. It involves in-depth coursework, research, and sometimes a thesis or capstone project. On the other hand, a PhD degree is a more extensive and time-consuming commitment. It usually takes around four to six years to complete, involving rigorous research, comprehensive exams, and a dissertation that contributes original knowledge to the field.

While a Masters degree provides a solid foundation in a specific field, a PhD program delves deeper into research and academia, allowing students to become experts in their chosen area of study. The scope of a PhD is broader, requiring students to make significant contributions to their field through original research, while a Masters degree focuses more on acquiring advanced knowledge and skills.

Admission Requirements

When it comes to admission requirements, both Masters and PhD programs have certain criteria that applicants must meet. For a Masters degree, applicants typically need a bachelor's degree in a related field, a competitive GPA, letters of recommendation, a statement of purpose, and sometimes standardized test scores such as the GRE (Graduate Record Examination).

On the other hand, PhD programs often have more stringent admission requirements. In addition to a bachelor's degree, applicants are usually required to have a strong academic background, relevant research experience, letters of recommendation, a statement of purpose, and competitive GRE scores. Some programs may also require applicants to submit a research proposal outlining their intended area of study.

Research Opportunities

One of the key distinctions between Masters and PhD programs lies in the research opportunities they offer. While both degrees involve research, the depth and extent of research differ significantly. Masters programs often provide students with the opportunity to engage in research projects, but the focus is usually on applying existing knowledge rather than generating new knowledge.

PhD programs, on the other hand, place a strong emphasis on original research. Students are expected to contribute to their field by conducting in-depth research, often leading to the publication of scholarly articles and the development of new theories or methodologies. PhD candidates work closely with faculty advisors and are encouraged to explore uncharted territories within their discipline.

Career Opportunities

Both Masters and PhD degrees can open doors to various career opportunities, but the level and type of opportunities may differ. A Masters degree equips individuals with advanced knowledge and skills, making them well-suited for specialized roles within their field. Graduates with a Masters degree often find employment in industries, government agencies, or non-profit organizations related to their area of study.

On the other hand, a PhD degree is often seen as a pathway to academia and research-intensive careers. PhD holders are well-prepared for positions as professors, researchers, or experts in their field. They have the expertise to conduct independent research, publish scholarly work, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their discipline. However, it is important to note that PhD holders can also pursue careers outside of academia, leveraging their analytical and problem-solving skills in various industries.

Financial Considerations

When considering higher education, financial considerations play a significant role. Masters programs are generally more affordable compared to PhD programs. The shorter duration of a Masters degree means fewer tuition fees and living expenses. Additionally, many Masters programs offer scholarships, assistantships, or part-time work opportunities to help offset the costs.

PhD programs, on the other hand, often provide funding packages to admitted students. These packages may include tuition waivers, stipends, or teaching/research assistantships. While this financial support can alleviate the financial burden, it is important to consider the longer duration of a PhD program, which may require individuals to forgo full-time employment for several years.

In conclusion, both Masters and PhD degrees offer unique attributes and opportunities for individuals seeking advanced education. Masters programs provide a focused and efficient way to gain specialized knowledge and skills, while PhD programs offer a more extensive and research-intensive experience. The decision between pursuing a Masters or a PhD depends on various factors, including personal interests, career goals, financial considerations, and the level of commitment one is willing to undertake. Ultimately, individuals should carefully evaluate their aspirations and weigh the pros and cons of each degree to make an informed decision that aligns with their long-term goals.

Comparisons may contain inaccurate information about people, places, or facts. Please report any issues.

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6 Tips Applying to Grad School for a Different Major

Changing Your Course of Study

• Choosing a Graduate Program
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• Ph.D., Developmental Psychology, Fordham University
• M.A., Developmental Psychology, Fordham University

Many students find that their career would benefit from additional studies that differ from their bachelor's degrees. They may learn that their interests lie in a different field than their major or that their current field has grown and new avenues for study have emerged since their earlier years in academia.

Demonstrate Your Capabilities

While your graduate options are not limited by your college major, you still, however, have to work hard to demonstrate that you're a good candidate for graduate programs in your newly chosen field. Admittance to graduate school is all about how well you match the program. If you can demonstrate that you have the experiences and competencies to succeed, that may help your chances of getting accepted. Focus on the skills and life experiences that led you to switch your studies.

Seek Related Experience

Most graduate programs in biology will not accept a student without undergraduate science coursework. This is true of most areas of graduate study. To demonstrate competence you might consider engaging in internships or additional coursework. If, for example, your bachelor's degree is in psychology and you wish to apply to a master's program in biology, take some science courses can demonstrate that you have a solid science background. Check your local community college or look into online courses.

Take the Subject GRE

If you're switching fields of study, it's in your best interest to take the Subject GRE , even though it's likely not required. A solid score on this exam illustrates your mastery of the subject matter, which can show your ability to succeed in the new field.

Get Certified

While a certificate is not the same as a graduate degree, many programs are rigorous and can be a great precursor to your next degree. Certifications are often affordable and can be done in a short period of time, and they can prove your mastery of the material. Some certificate programs offer courses similar to those you'd find in graduate school and can prepare you for the rigorous studies ahead.

Use Your Admissions Essay to Demonstrate Your Fit

Your graduate school admissions essay is your opportunity to speak to the graduate committee. Use this essay to show how your education and experiences specifically align with the graduate program. Some fields, like law, relate to many courses of study.

Discuss your interest in the field and how your experiences have prepared you to succeed in the field. Draw attention to courses you've taken or experiences that illustrate your interest or competence in the area to which you aspire. For example, as a psychology major who wishes to study biology, emphasize the aspects of your education that overlap with biology, such as the emphasis on understanding the brain as an influence on behavior, as well courses in methodology and statistics, and your research experience.

Explain why you're making a transition from one field to another, why you have the background to do so, why you'll be a good graduate student, as well as your career goals. Ultimately graduate school admissions committees want to see evidence of your interest, knowledge, and competence. They want to know if you have the ability to fulfill degree requirements and if you're a good risk. Keep the admissions committee's perspective in mind, and you'll have an advantage in the admissions process despite having the "wrong" undergraduate major.

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EXPLORE SMU

Moody School of Graduate and Advanced Studies

Demystifying graduate degrees: comparing master’s vs. doctorate.

You want a graduate degree — to continue exploring your passions, make discoveries or advance your career — but how do you turn that decision into a plan?

It starts with understanding the difference between a master’s and a PhD in your field. They differ in length, intensity, curriculum and career paths, so you’ll also need a clear idea of why you want to pursue a graduate degree to determine which one you should get.

What Is a Master’s Degree?

If you’ve completed your undergraduate degree, it might be time to ask, “What’s next?”

That’s where Master’s degrees can come in.

Whether you want to specialize in a particular area or get advanced skills in your profession, a master’s degree can help you get there in 1-2 years.

The most common types of master's degrees include:

• Master of Arts (MA),
• Master of Science (MS),
• Master of Business Administration (MBA),
• Master of Education (MEd),
• and Master of Fine Arts (MFA). 

What do you learn in a master’s program?

The short answer? A lot.

Master’s degree programs are designed to build on the foundational knowledge gained during your undergraduate studies, and the curriculum focuses on advanced knowledge and skills in a particular field.

Here’s what you can expect to encounter in a master’s program:

Advanced coursework:  Master's programs provide advanced courses that build upon the foundational knowledge gained during your undergraduate studies. These courses delve deeper into specific topics within your field and often explore the latest research and developments. 

Specialization:  One of the primary goals of a master's program is to allow you to specialize in a particular area. Whether pursuing a Master of Arts, Master of Science, or a professional degree like an MBA, you can focus your studies on a specific subfield or concentration within your discipline. 

Research and analysis:   Many master's programs require you to engage in research projects and analytical work. This could involve conducting independent research under the guidance of a faculty advisor or participating in group research projects with fellow students. Through these research experiences, you’ll develop critical thinking and analytical skills, learn how to gather and evaluate relevant data and draw meaningful conclusions.

Practical applications and internships:  Some master's programs incorporate practical training opportunities like internships, practicums, or field experiences; hands-on experiences allow you to apply the knowledge and skills gained in the classroom to real-world settings.

Collaboration and networking:  A Master's program is a rich collaboration and networking environment. Collaborative projects, group discussions, and professional events allow you to exchange ideas and build connections within your field, often leading to long-lasting professional relationships and potential career opportunities.

Thesis project:   Outside of building skills like project management, problem-solving, project management, and effective communication, thesis projects in master's degree programs serve as a cornerstone for building advanced skills, expanding professional networks, and contributing to the body of knowledge in your respective field. 

Why get a master’s degree?

Career advancement: One primary advantage of getting a master’s degree is an edge in the job market. Employers value the specialized knowledge and advanced skills that come with a master’s degree, opening up new and exciting career opportunities.  The cherry on top? Individuals with a master’s degree often earn more than those without an advanced degree — you can take that to the bank, especially if you set yourself up for financial success during your studies. Flexibility: Another aspect to consider is the flexibility that a master’s degree offers. Many programs offer part-time or online options, allowing you to balance your studies with work or other commitments.  This flexibility can be particularly helpful if you’re already established in your career but want to gain additional qualifications.  Growth opportunities: Depending on your field, a master’s degree can be a stepping stone toward a PhD or other doctoral programs. It gives you a solid foundation in research methods and academic rigor — a boon if you want to pursue a career in academia or conduct advanced research.

What is a Doctoral Degree or PhD?

A doctoral degree is a terminal degree — it represents the pinnacle of academic achievement and is the most advanced degree you can attain. Doctoral students want to become authorities in their chosen fields and develop the skills to conduct independent and original research. 

Doctoral programs usually span 3-6 years of full-time study, during which students complete advanced coursework, pass comprehensive examinations, engage in extensive research and ultimately produce a dissertation that contributes new knowledge to the field. 

There are several types of doctoral degrees based on different academic and professional aspirations, including:

• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD),
• Doctor of Education (EdD),
• And Doctor of Psychology (PsyD), among others. 

What do you learn in a doctoral program?

When you successfully defend your dissertation and complete your degree, you also become an expert in your field — but it doesn’t happen overnight. Here's what you can expect to encounter in a doctoral program:

Advanced research: If you’re looking for a hard emphasis on research, a doctoral program is the place to be. Over several years, PhD students engage in extensive research activities — including conducting independent research, producing scholarly publications, and contributing to the knowledge base of their field through original research contributions.

Theoretical and conceptual frameworks:  PhDs are an incredible opportunity to deepen your understanding of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in your field of study. You'll critically analyze existing theories, evaluate their applicability, and develop your theoretical frameworks to advance knowledge and understanding in your chosen area of research.

Advanced methodological training:  Because a dissertation is an original research project, you’ll gain advanced training in research methodologies and data analysis techniques, like designing robust research studies, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing valid and reliable conclusions from your research findings.

Critical thinking and intellectual independence: Both academia and industry employers highly value independent thinkers and workers. Doctoral programs foster critical thinking and intellectual independence by challenging you to evaluate existing research, identify gaps in knowledge, and propose innovative research ideas. Teaching and Mentoring Experience: Being a teacher or mentor is a great opportunity to share your hard-earned knowledge, and universities agree. Doctoral programs often provide opportunities to teach and mentor undergraduate students, develop effective pedagogical skills, and contribute to the academic community.

Dissertation project:  Your dissertation is the culmination of years of hard work within your field. By enrolling in a doctoral program, you’re also given the chance to participate in a significant and original research endeavor that demonstrates the expertise you’ve worked so hard to cultivate.

Why Get a Doctorate?

Having a doctorate doesn’t just open doors; it can kick them down. A doctorate might be right for you if you’re looking for a door to these things:

Expertise and specialization:  Doctoral degrees can be a labor of love. They help you delve deeper into a specific subject area, gaining expertise and specialization.

Research opportunities:  Extensive research training, opportunities for conducting original research, and contributing new knowledge to the academic community — these three things make a doctorate coveted by students, universities, and employers.

Salary potential and career advancement: In some fields, having a doctorate can lead to higher earning potential and increased salary opportunities. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , doctoral degree holders made an average of $1,885 per week in 2020, while master’s degree holders made an average of $1,545 per week.

Contribution to society:  Doctoral research often addresses pressing societal issues, contributing to advancements in technology, healthcare, education, and other areas for the benefit of society — for many students, contributing to the greater good is just as rewarding as career advancement or personal development.

What’s the difference between a dissertation and a thesis?

You might have heard “thesis” and “dissertation” used interchangeably, but they’re not quite the same. Here are the general distinctions to consider:

• A thesis is usually associated with a master's degree program. Students undertake a research project in the final stage of their degree.
• It typically involves conducting original research or analyzing existing research to answer a specific research question.
• The length of a thesis varies based on the field and program requirements, but it’s usually shorter than a dissertation.

Dissertation:

• A dissertation is typically associated with a doctoral degree program. It is an extensive, in-depth research project that marks the culmination of a doctoral program.
• in-depth exploration of a research topic
• comprehensive literature review
• methodology section
• data collection and analysis
• substantive discussion of findings and conclusions.
• Dissertations are usually longer than theses and may take several years to complete.
• Once you’ve completed your dissertation, you participate in a formal defense of the research, where you’ll present your findings to a committee of experts in the field.

Key Differences: Master's vs. PhD

Deciding between master's vs. phd programs.

“Should I get a master’s degree or a PhD?”

Answering that question can be exciting — and a bit intimidating. You must consider long-term career objectives, personal interests, and the time you can commit. Plus, the level of specialization you wish to achieve based on your career path is also a factor. Typically, a PhD is a prerequisite for those aspiring to research careers in academia, while professional roles in various industries may require only a master's degree. 

It’s still worth noting that students have the option of completing a master's degree first and then, based on their experiences and career aspirations, deciding whether to pursue a PhD.

Find the right graduate degree at SMU 

A graduate degree is a big investment, so investing in the right program is important.

SMU offers a diverse array of master's and PhD programs tailored to align with your unique interests and career goals, and personalized support, from the applicant to the graduate, is always available. 

Whether you're interested in pursuing a PhD in Chemistry or are almost finished with your MBA, we can help you find the right advanced degree.

This could just be the beginning of your journey. Get a closer look at applying to graduate programs of your choice with our guide, How to Get a PhD: A Guide to Choosing and Applying to PhD Programs .

Learn More About

Doctoral degrees at SMU, and how you can choose the right program and thrive in it, in our Guide to Getting a PhD.

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What Is The Difference Between A Masters And A PhD? 

One thing many may wonder is the differences between a masters and a PhD, and how difficult is it to get a PhD done. What is the difference between a Masters and A PhD?

Masters degree and PhD can differ in several ways:

Purpose and Focus

Research depth, independence, professional outcomes, financial investment and return, admission requirements.

In this post, we explore what is the difference between a masters and a PhD. We also look at some common questions about the subject, such as if you can get a PhD without a masters degree.

What Is A Masters Degree?

A master’s degree centers on advanced knowledge and skills within a particular discipline. Embarking on a master’s degree is a pivotal step for many aiming to deepen their expertise in a specific field.

This degree can serve as a stepping stone for those considering a PhD or as a terminal degree for certain professions. A master’s degree can significantly boost your career prospects and salary potential in many fields, particularly in specialized or advanced roles. 

Master’s programs offer a blend of coursework and research, with some requiring a thesis, a comprehensive project that showcases the student’s ability to conduct independent research and present their findings.

The journey to complete a master’s degree varies, typically ranging from one to two years, contingent on the course load and whether you’re attending full or part-time; part-time degrees usually take longer.

The application process for a master’s program can be rigorous, often requiring:

• an undergraduate degree,
• letters of recommendation, and
• sometimes relevant work experience.

This process is designed to ensure candidates are well-prepared for the challenging coursework and research components ahead.

For many, the choice to pursue a master’s degree hinges on the desire to:

• gain a competitive edge in the job market,
• increase salary prospects, or
• delve deeper into a beloved discipline.

Whether you’re fresh from undergrad or a seasoned professional looking to pivot or advance in your career, a master’s degree can offer the specialized knowledge and credentials needed to achieve your goals.

What Is A Doctorate / Ph.D?

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is the highest academic degree you can get. It embodies a rigorous journey of: 

• original research,
• critical thinking, and
• contribution to a specific field.

This path isn’t merely an extension of graduate studies but a deep dive into uncharted territories of knowledge. Embarking on a PhD can profoundly influence your career path, opening doors to academia, research institutions, and high-level positions in various industries.

The heart of a PhD program is the dissertation, an extensive, detailed document that presents the PhD candidate’s original research. This task requires a blend of creativity, analytical skills, and perseverance, often spanning years.

The process starts with identifying a unique research question, followed by exhaustive study, experimentation, or theoretical analysis under the guidance of a supervisory committee.

Unlike master’s degrees, which combine coursework with some research elements, a PhD degree is predominantly research-oriented. Coursework in a PhD program, where present, serves to augment the student’s research capabilities and domain knowledge.

The duration to complete a PhD can vary widely, generally taking anywhere from three to even ten years, depending on the:

• research field,
• complexity of the dissertation, and
• the student’s pace.

The application process for a PhD program is notably competitive, demanding a strong academic record, often a master’s degree, detailed research proposals, and letters of recommendation.

The journey shapes students into independent researchers, equipping them with skills to tackle complex problems and contribute novel insights to their field.

PhD graduates are revered for their expertise and often lead the charge in innovation, policy-making, and strategic decision-making in their respective domains.

For those passionate about research and committed to advancing knowledge, a PhD offers an unparalleled opportunity to make a lasting impact.

Masters and PhD are both advanced degrees, with some major differences. Here’s some for you to think about:

A master’s degree is designed to deepen your knowledge in a particular field, building on what you learned during your bachelor’s degree. It’s about advancing your understanding and enhancing your skills, often with a mix of coursework and research.

In contrast, a PhD is centered around original research. It’s about creating new knowledge, not just learning what’s already known.

PhD students work on a dissertation, a substantial piece of independent research that contributes new insights to their field.

Time is a significant factor. A master’s degree typically takes one to two years to complete, depending on whether you’re studying full-time or part-time.

A PhD can take anywhere from three to six years, sometimes as long as 10 years. The duration of a PhD is less predictable because it’s tied to your research project’s complexity.

Many students also started their PhD studies at a more mature years, were responsibilities like family and relationships are heavier.

Master’s programs often involve a significant amount of coursework, similar to your undergraduate studies. You might: 

• attend lectures,
• complete assignments, and
• take exams.

PhD programs also start with coursework but to a lesser extent. The primary focus quickly shifts to research and writing your dissertation. You will spend time doing more research paper writing, as well as getting your dissertation ready for Viva Voce.

While both degrees involve research, the depth and nature of this research differ. Master’s students might complete a thesis, a project that, while significant, doesn’t require creating new knowledge.

PhD research is more intensive. You’re expected to contribute original ideas that advance your field, culminating in your dissertation. This means delving into areas that not many researchers have explored. 

PhD students enjoy a higher degree of independence in their studies. While you’ll have a supervisor, the expectation is that you’ll guide your own research, from inception to completion. In fact, it is expected that you operate with independence, as that is how you will work as later on after your Ph.D

Master’s students also work independently, especially while working on their thesis, but they often have more structured guidance and a clearer framework provided by their program.

Your career path might influence your choice. Master’s degrees are often more professionally oriented. They can prepare you for advancement in your current field or help you pivot to a new area.

PhDs are academic and research-intensive, ideal for those aspiring to work in:

• research institutions, or
• highly specialized industry roles.

PhD holders also have more job openings that masters holders don’t have, especially in these fields

The cost of tuition and the time you spend not earning a full-time salary are significant considerations. Master’s degrees are shorter, so they’re generally less of a financial and time investment than PhDs.

Masters’ less stringent requirements also means many students can study while working, which helps with the finances.

However, PhD programs often offer financial help, which can offset some of the costs . Many universities understand the commitment required to complete a PhD, and so they help in ways the can financially. These could involve funding opportunities like:

• grants, and
• assistantships.

Admission into a master’s program typically requires an undergraduate degree and sometimes relevant work experience. The competition may not be as fierce, but do not expect to just walk into a program.

For a PhD, the requirements are more stringent. You’ll likely need: 

• a master’s degree in a related field,
• a strong academic record,
• detailed research proposals, and
• letters of recommendation.

The application process is more competitive, reflecting the advanced level of study and research.

These distinctions underscore the importance of aligning your educational pursuits with your personal and professional goals.

Whether you choose to pursue a master’s degree or embark on the demanding journey of a PhD, both paths offer rewarding experiences and the opportunity to significantly advance your knowledge and skills.

Can You Get A PhD Degree Without Masters?

In some cases, you can leap directly to a PhD program with just your undergraduate degree in hand . This possibility hinges on various factors, including:

• the field of study,
• the specific requirements of the PhD program, and
• the policies of the university.

In fields such as the sciences or engineering, some grad schools offer integrated programs that merge master’s and PhD studies. In these programs, you start focusing on doctoral-level work early on, sometimes bypassing the formal requirement of earning a master’s degree altogether.

The coursework you undertake is aimed directly at preparing you for your PhD dissertation, the cornerstone of your doctoral study.

The application process for such direct-entry PhD programs is rigorous. Prospective PhD candidates must demonstrate:

• exceptional academic records,
• a strong research proposal, and often,
• the backing of a potential supervisor

The ability to engage in independent research, a clear vision for your PhD project, and alignment with the department’s research areas are crucial.

Opting for this route can shorten your academic journey, allowing you to focus on your doctoral research and career prospects sooner. It’s a challenging but rewarding path for those with a clear research direction and a passion for diving deep into their chosen field from the outset.

Are There Other Doctoral Degrees Other Than PhD?

While the PhD might be the most recognized doctorate degree out there, it’s just one of many paths that lead to the pinnacle of academic achievement.

Across various fields, there are specialized doctorates tailored to specific careers, each with its own set of: 

• requirements,
• coursework, and
• graduation requirements.

Take, for example, the Doctor of Medicine (MD) for aspiring physicians or the Juris Doctor (JD) for future lawyers. These professional doctorates focus more on practical skills and less on original research, preparing you for specific career paths.

Then there’s the Doctor of Education (EdD), which is ideal for those aiming to lead and innovate in educational settings, focusing on applying research to solve real-world problems in education.

In the world of business, the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) stands out. It’s designed for executives looking to apply research and advanced practice to business challenges, differing from a PhD in Business, which is more theory and research-oriented.

For those inclined towards engineering and technology, the Doctor of Engineering (DEng) offers an avenue to contribute to technological advancements through applied research projects, often in collaboration with industries.

Each of these doctoral degrees has its own set of prerequisites, from the application process to the years required to complete. What they share is a commitment to advancing knowledge and skills in their respective fields.

Whether through a dissertation, thesis, or a series of practical projects, these programs push you to the forefront of your discipline, opening doors to advanced career prospects and, in many cases, a path toward teaching and research at the highest levels.

Difference Between Masters And PhD: Explained

While both master’s and PhD degrees mark significant academic achievements, they cater to different goals and career paths. A master’s degree focuses on enhancing knowledge and skills within a specific field, offering a blend of coursework and research.

In contrast, a PhD is centered on original research, contributing new knowledge to a discipline.

Your choice between the two depends on your professional aspirations, commitment to research, and the level of expertise you wish to attain in your field.

Dr. JW Ong holds academic degrees, including a Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics from universities in New Zealand, Malaysia, and the UK. He started PhDPursuits.com as a way to share the experience he wish he would have had known before embarking on his PhD.

Is a PhD a Masters? Understanding the Key Differences Between the Two Degrees

When exploring advanced education options, many prospective students wonder, “Is a PhD a master’s?” While both are considered graduate-level degrees, a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) and a master’s degree are fundamentally different in terms of academic focus, duration, and career outcomes. These distinctions are crucial for those who wish to make an informed decision about which path is best suited for their personal and professional goals.

In this post, we’ll answer the question, “Is a PhD a master’s?” and take a closer look at the significant differences between these two degrees. We’ll explore their purposes, how they fit into the academic progression, and what students can expect from each program. Whether you’re trying to choose between a master’s or a PhD, or simply seeking to understand the distinctions, this guide will help clarify the critical elements of each degree.

What Is a Master’s Degree?

A master’s degree is a graduate-level qualification that typically follows the completion of a bachelor’s degree. It’s designed to provide advanced knowledge in a specific field of study or professional practice. Master’s programs vary widely in terms of structure, focus, and duration, depending on the discipline and country.

Purpose of a Master’s Degree

The main goal of a master’s program is to deepen the student’s understanding of a particular subject or to provide specialized training for a professional career. While some master’s programs are academically focused and emphasize research, others are professionally oriented and aim to equip students with practical skills for the workforce.

Master’s degrees can be categorized into two general types:

• Academic Master’s Degrees : These programs, such as a Master of Arts (MA) or Master of Science (MSc), typically involve coursework, examinations, and sometimes a thesis. They are intended to enhance the student’s expertise in a particular field and may serve as a stepping stone toward a PhD.
• Professional Master’s Degrees : These programs, such as a Master of Business Administration (MBA) or Master of Social Work (MSW), are designed to prepare students for specific careers by focusing on the practical application of knowledge and skills in a professional setting.

Duration and Requirements

Master’s programs generally take 1 to 2 years to complete, depending on the subject area and whether the student is enrolled full-time or part-time. Programs may require students to complete coursework, practical experiences (such as internships), and in some cases, a research thesis or capstone project.

What Is a PhD?

A PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most fields of study. It is primarily a research-based degree that aims to contribute new knowledge to a specific discipline. Unlike master’s degrees, which focus on mastering existing knowledge, a PhD emphasizes original research and is geared toward individuals who wish to become experts in their fields.

Purpose of a PhD

The main goal of a PhD is to develop independent research skills and produce original research that advances knowledge in a particular subject area. A PhD is typically pursued by individuals who wish to pursue careers in academia, research, or highly specialized fields that require advanced expertise.

PhD students spend several years conducting in-depth research, often under the guidance of a faculty advisor, and are expected to produce a dissertation or thesis that presents their findings. This body of work must make a significant contribution to the academic community and is usually subject to a rigorous examination process.

PhD programs are much longer than master’s programs, usually taking 3 to 7 years to complete, depending on the field and the nature of the research. Unlike master’s degrees, which may consist primarily of coursework, PhD programs focus heavily on research. While some PhD programs include initial coursework, the bulk of the degree is dedicated to conducting original research and writing a dissertation.

PhD candidates are also required to defend their dissertation before a panel of experts in their field, a process known as the dissertation defense. This final step is critical for earning the PhD, as it demonstrates the candidate’s expertise and ability to contribute meaningful knowledge to their academic discipline.

Key Differences Between a PhD and a Master’s Degree

Now that we’ve defined both degrees, let’s explore the key differences between a PhD and a master’s degree, which are essential for answering the question, “Is a PhD a master’s?”

1. Level of Study and Academic Focus

The most significant difference between the two degrees is their level of study. A master’s degree is an intermediate academic qualification that builds on the knowledge gained in a bachelor’s degree. It typically involves learning from existing knowledge and applying it to practical or theoretical problems.

In contrast, a PhD is the highest academic qualification and is centered on original research. PhD students are expected to make new contributions to their field by producing and publishing their own research, which has the potential to shape future academic or industry developments.

2. Research vs. Coursework

Another key difference lies in the nature of the work involved. Master’s programs tend to be more focused on coursework, with a structured curriculum that includes lectures, seminars, and exams. In some cases, students may also complete a thesis, but the emphasis is on mastering existing knowledge in a particular area.

PhD programs, on the other hand, are primarily research-based. While PhD students may complete some initial coursework, the bulk of their time is spent conducting original research, developing their dissertation, and presenting their findings. PhD students are encouraged to contribute new knowledge to their field, often working independently or under the guidance of a research advisor.

3. Duration of Study

The time commitment required for each degree is another significant difference. A typical master’s program can be completed in 1 to 2 years, whereas a PhD usually takes between 3 to 7 years or more. The extended duration of a PhD is due to the amount of time needed for in-depth research, data collection, analysis, and dissertation writing.

4. Career Outcomes

Career outcomes also differ between the two degrees. A master’s degree is often seen as a qualification that can open doors to professional careers in fields such as business, healthcare, education, and engineering. It enhances a candidate’s expertise and can lead to mid- to senior-level positions within their chosen industry.

A PhD, on the other hand, is typically pursued by those interested in academic or research careers. PhD holders often go on to become university professors, researchers, or experts in highly specialized fields. While some industries value the advanced research skills of PhD holders, many careers in business or applied fields do not require a doctorate, and a master’s degree is often sufficient.

5. Financial Investment

Both degrees require a financial investment, but the cost can vary widely depending on the program and institution. Master’s programs tend to be shorter and, therefore, less expensive. Additionally, many students pursue a master’s degree to boost their earning potential in the workforce.

PhD programs, due to their extended length, can be more costly in terms of time and money. However, many PhD students receive funding through fellowships, teaching assistantships, or research grants, which can offset the cost of tuition and living expenses.

Is a PhD a Master’s Degree?

In short, a PhD is not a master’s degree. While both are advanced degrees, they serve different purposes, require different levels of commitment, and lead to distinct career paths. A PhD is a h igher-level degree that follows a master’s program in many cases, although in some fields, students can enter PhD programs directly after completing their bachelor’s degree.

The confusion often arises because many students pursue a master’s degree before advancing to a PhD. In this sense, a master’s degree can be viewed as a stepping stone to a PhD, but the two are fundamentally different.

Conclusion: The Role of ValidGrad

For those who want a replica or fake master’s or PhD diploma, ValidGrad provides reliable services to create high-quality replica diplomas that meet your needs. Whether you’re looking for personal use or to replace lost documents, ValidGrad can help you obtain a professional-looking replica of a master’s or PhD diploma, accurately reflecting the design and format of genuine degrees.

So, while the answer to “Is a PhD a master’s?” is no, both degrees hold significant value in the academic and professional worlds. Whether you choose to pursue a master’s for career advancement or a PhD for a research-focused path, understanding the differences between these degrees will help you make an informed decision about your future educational journey.

For more information on how ValidGrad can assist you with obtaining a fake or replica master’s or PhD diploma, visit our website today!

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• Masters vs PhD – Differences Explained
• Types of Doctorates

The decision of whether or not to pursue a Masters or PhD (or both) after you complete your undergraduate studies is not necessarily a straightforward one. Both are postgraduate degrees but are different in terms of the academic experience and the career paths taken afterwards.

In short, a Masters degree involves a year of study, primarily through taught lectures and a final dissertation research project, whilst a PhD (also referred to as a doctorate degree) is a three-year commitment of independent research on a specific subject.

There’s more to it than that, however – read on for more information.

What Is a Masters Degree?

A Masters degree is the next level of education after the completion of an undergraduate degree, commonly known as a Bachelors.

These degree levels are often referred to in terms of cycles so that a Bachelor’s is a first-cycle degree, a Masters is a second-cycle and finally, a PhD is the third-cycle of higher education (and the highest).

Masters degrees demand an intense period of study, usually centred around a core series of lectures and taught modules, coupled with coursework assignments and exams, followed by the completion of a contained research project usually taking students 3-4 months to complete.

These types of degrees are attractive to recent graduates who want to delve deeper into their specific field of study, gaining some research experience and more specialised knowledge beyond what an undergraduate degree can offer.

Equally, some pursue a Masters degree program in a subject that is only tangentially related to their Bachelors degree, helping them gain a broader depth of knowledge.

These degrees also serve as a significant stepping stone for those already in employment who want to progress their current career development and earn a higher salary. They can also be an excellent method for helping in changing careers completely by learning new skills and subject knowledge.

What Is a PhD Degree?

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is the highest academic degree that can be awarded and is the third and final cycle in the progression of higher education.

A doctoral degree is earned on the basis of producing a significant, independent and novel body of work (a Thesis) that contributes new knowledge to a particular research topic.

These are research degrees that are a significant investment of a candidate’s time, resources and energy and are all but a pre-requisite for anyone considering a career in academia, such as eventually becoming a professor.

There are some exceptions to this, such as those with a medical background who may earn an MD (Doctor of Medicine), which is the equivalent of a PhD.

Doctoral degrees can also have a significant positive impact on career development outside of academia, especially in fields such as engineering, business and finance that have a high demand for highly qualified and capable people.

A graduate student engaged in PhD study is commonly known as a PhD student, PhD candidate or doctoral student.

What are the Benefits of a Masters Degree?

There are several reasons one might consider doing a Masters degree rather than a PhD in their graduate education. These include:

• It takes approximately a third of the time to do compared to a doctorate degree and costs less too.
• It’s a good way to differentiate yourself from those that hold only an undergraduate degree without having to commit to a substantial research degree.
• The end goal is more career-focused as opposed to research-focused. For example, it is practically an ‘easier’ route to changing or progressing your career if that aligns with your professional goals.

What are the Benefits of Doing a PhD?

You may continue on into a doctoral program after a Masters or you may even dive straight in after completing your undergraduate studies. So, what are the advantages of completing this third-cycle?

• You’ll have developed a wealth of transferable skills at graduate school, such as effective communication of complex concepts, multi-tasking time-management and the ability to adapt to and solve unexpected problems.
• A doctorate helps to establish you as an expert within your chosen subject area; your work will hopefully have furthered the knowledge in this.
• It will open up career paths and teaching positions within academia that may otherwise be very difficult to get a hold in (although these career paths will still be very competitive).
• You can add the title ‘Dr’ in front of your name!

Which Degree Is More Impactful: A Masters or a PhD?

On paper, the answer should be clear: A doctorate degree is the highest degree you can earn, so has more impact than a Masters, which in turn has more impact than a Bachelors.

The reality is that the size of the impact (if any) really depends on the subject area and the career path you choose (if the measure of impact is how it positively improves your career prospects, that is).

For someone with aspirations of becoming a professor, a PhD will be of greater value than a Masters alone.

Equally, it’s also possible that someone with a PhD entering a different field or one that doesn’t require a PhD may find that their degree has no bearing on their career or in some cases may even be seen as a ‘negative’ with a concern of the person being ‘over-qualified’ for a position. There are many scenarios in which professional experience would be more valuable to an employer than a doctorate degree.

Check out the links below to our interviews with Prof. Debby Cotton and Dr Nikolay Nikolov to read their experiences of when a going through a PhD program has had a clear benefit (Prof. Cotton) and when it hasn’t been helpful (Dr Nikolov).

Do You Need to Have a Masters to do a PhD?

This really depends on the university, department and sometimes even the project and supervisor.

From a purely application process perspective, some institutions may formally require you to hold a Masters degree relevant to the subject of the PhD project before you can enter their doctoral program.

In another scenario, most universities are unlikely to accept candidates that were awarded below a 2:1 (in the UK) in their undergraduate degree but may consider someone who has ‘made up’ for this with a high-grade Masters.

Lastly, some universities now offer PhD programmes that incorporate an additional year of study in which you would complete a Masters degree before carrying directly on into a PhD project. As you’d expect, even if a university doesn’t formally require you to hold one, a Masters degree can help separate you from other applicants in being accepted on the project.

Check out our detailed guide to doing a PhD without a Master’s .

Why Do a Masters before Your PhD?

Even if you don’t need to have one, it could still be beneficial to begin your postgraduate study by doing a Masters first before you embark on your doctorate journey.

As mentioned previously it’ll help you stand out from applicants that don’t have one, but beyond that, it’ll give you a taster of what research life could be like, especially if you stay at the same university and department for your PhD.

The one-year commitment (in the UK at least) of carrying out a Masters first, and in particular your research project, will help you better understand if this is truly something you want to commit the next three or more years to.

You’ll learn some of the skills of independent research, from performing detailed literature searches to more complex, analytical writing.

At the end of it, you should be in a stronger position to consider your options and decide about whether to continue into a PhD at graduate school.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

How Long Does It Take to Get a Masters Degree?

In the UK, a full-time Masters degrees take students one calendar year to complete: The programme of study usually starts in September, the final research project the following April and final project viva around August. Part-time degrees are usually double the time.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD?

In the UK, most PhD projects take 3-4 years to complete , as reflected by the majority of funded projects offering stipends to cover living expenses of about 3.5 years.

For many reasons, projects may end up taking longer to complete, however. This might be because of difficulties in collecting enough data, or if the project is being done part-time.

Which One is More Expensive to Do?

As you’d expect, as a PhD takes three times as long to complete as a Masters degree, it will cost you more to do as far as university fees are concerned.

Another thing to consider is that many PhD projects come with some level of funding equivalent to a low salary, which may cover the cost of tuition fees and living expenses, whilst it is usually more difficult to obtain funding for Masters study.

Conversely, a Masters graduate may progress into a higher (versus PhD funding) salary sooner whilst a PhD student will endure three years of a comparatively low income.

A Masters vs a PhD: Conclusion

If you’re considering continue further graduate study after your undergraduate degree, the question of doing a Masters vs a PhD is likely to come up. They are both considered an advanced degree, each with their own advantages.

There are benefits to doing either of these graduate programs or even both of them; your decision here can be easier if you have an idea of the career you want to follow or if you know you have a love for research!

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Master’s vs. Ph.D.: What’s the Difference and Which One to Choose?

If graduate school is on your radar, one of the first things to consider is what type of degree you should pursue . While a bachelor’s degree is required for any postgraduate study, many people think you need a master’s to pursue a Ph.D., but that isn’t always the case. While there are benefits to receiving your master’s degree before your Ph.D., it’s not always necessary or required. However, there are important differences to note when deciding which type of program to apply to.

Master’s degree

A master’s degree usually takes about two years to complete full time. There are programs that allow a student to attend on a part-time basis, but that of course extends the completion time. Many master’s programs require a thesis to be completed, but not all. A thesis is a research project that is completed during the final year of a master’s program under the guidance of your program chair or advisor.

Under the master’s umbrella, there are quite a few specific degrees you can obtain. Your professional path will determine which of these you pursue.

• Master of Arts (MA) is given for disciplines in the arts and social sciences.
• Master of Science (MS) is given for sciences, health, engineering and statistics.
• Master of Research (MRes) is focused on training students to become researchers. This is advantageous to a student if they’re pursuing a research-based career or planning to apply for a Ph.D. program.
• Master by Research (MPhil) is similar to a MRes but is more advanced and focuses on research topics to be explored in depth. It’s often considered a precursor to a Ph.D. program.

Specialized master’s degrees

There are numerous specialized master’s degrees that are categorized by profession. These are often (not always) preceded by some professional experience prior to undertaking these types of advanced degrees.

• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Library Science (MLS, MLIS, MSLS)
• Master of Public Administration (MPA)
• Master of Public Health (MPH)
• Master of Social Work (MSW)
• Master of Laws (LLM)
• Master of Education (MEd, MSEd, MIT, MAEd, MAT)
• Master of Engineering (MEng)
• Master of Architecture (MArch)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA)
• Master of Divinity (MDiv)

Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy)

There are many Ph.D. programs and, in general, it’s considered the most advanced type of research degree you can obtain. Ph.D. candidates are required to complete a dissertation to obtain their degree. Unlike a thesis, a dissertation is longer and consists of original research conducted throughout the entire doctoral study. In some cases, students may be awarded a stipend, or pay, to complete the doctoral program and dissertation.

Ph.D.’s take a considerably longer time to complete than a master’s, five to eight years on average, and they carry a rather high rate of noncompletion due to time and financial commitments. Many Ph.D. programs have stipends available, so it’s important to inquire about that when researching a particular program.

Specialized doctorate programs

As with master’s degrees, there are several specialized doctorate programs specific to different disciplines and areas of study:

• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Engineering (EngD/PhD)
• Doctor of Education (EdD/D.Ed)
• Doctor of Social Science (DsocSci)
• Doctor of Professional Studies (DProf)
• Doctor of Architecture (DArch)
• Doctor of Theology (Th.D)
• Doctor of Divinity (DD/DDiv)
• Doctor of Science STEM (Dsc/ScD)
• Doctor of Science Arts & Humanities (DLitt/LitD)

When deciding which one to get, consider your immediate or long-term career goals — which degree would serve you best? In some cases, you can obtain a Ph.D. with just a bachelor’s degree, but often it’s recommended you get a master’s first for the research experience that will be required for a Ph.D.

As with anything, there are exceptions. Students in law school obtain a J.D. (Juris Doctor) but can then further obtain a master’s in a sub-specialty like tax or immigration law. The health care occupations of physical therapist and pharmacist are also doctorate programs obtained post undergrad.

Making your choice

As with any decision, weigh your options, list pros and cons, and go from there. Once you’ve narrowed your options , you’ll have a precise list of programs and institutions generated for your specific goals.

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Masters vs PhD – What’s the best degree for me?

In the US, a Master’s degree is not required for a PhD – unlike most European countries, where it is a prerequisite. Thus, in the US, deciding between a Master’s degree and a PhD can be a challenging question. By understanding the distinction, you can determine which program aligns best with your aspirations and goals. This article will provide insights into the structure, requirements, and outcomes of both degrees, helping you make an informed decision.

MASTER’S VS PHD DEGREE – WHICH IS BETTER FOR MY CAREER?

If you’re a recent graduate student looking to further your academic career, a Master’s degree might be the first step. But for those aiming for a career as a tenured university professor or to lead their own research group, pursuing a doctoral program to get a higher degree could be the better option.

Choosing the right degree program requires understanding the main difference of Master’s vs PhD.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MASTER’S AND PHD?

The most important difference between Masters and phd programs is the focus and the duration.

A Master’s degree is designed as an advanced study in a specific field following a bachelor’s degree. It typically involves structured coursework, sometimes combined with research, resulting in a thesis or project.

A PhD, commonly known as a doctorate, is a research-focused degree regarded as the highest academic degree in higher education. This doctorate degree usually requires a dissertation based on original research.

This table that summarizes the key differences when considering Master’s vs PhD degrees:

HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO COMPLETE A MASTER’S OR A DOCTORATE?

A Master’s program typically takes one to three years to complete, depending on the type of degree and the field of study. On the other hand,  a PhD program can take anywhere from four to eight years , with the exact duration varying based on goals of the PhD candidates, the subject, the doctoral program’s requirements, and the time taken to complete the PhD dissertation.

IS A MASTER’S DEGREE A PREREQUISITE FOR A PHD OR DOCTORAL DEGREE?

In the United States, a Master’s degree is *not* required for a PhD. In contrast, in most European countries, a Master’s degree is a requirement for a PhD.

In the US , many PhD programs accept applicants with only a Bachelor’s degree. This is because PhD programs in the US typically include a Master’s component in the first few years. Students take coursework, complete research rotations, and pass qualifying exams before advancing to the dissertation phase.

In Europe , PhD programs are typically shorter, lasting 3-4 years. As a result, students are expected to have a stronger foundation in research before starting their doctoral studies. A Master’s degree allows students to develop their research skills, learn about their field of interest, and explore different research topics.

Here is a table that summarizes the key differences between PhD requirements in the US and Europe:

However, there are some exceptions to the general rule that a Master’s degree is required for a PhD in Europe. For example, in some countries, students with a four-year Bachelor’s degree may be able to apply directly to a PhD program. Additionally, some European universities offer joint Master’s-PhD programs that allow students to earn both degrees in a shorter period. However, these are structured to streamline the educational process and are often very competitive.

IS A SEPARATE MASTER’S DEGREE WORTH THE EFFORT?

In the US, a Master’s is not a prerequisite for a PhD because PhD programs typically include a Master’s component in the first few years.  Thus, a  separate  Master’s degree is probably not necessary in the US.  Most common Master’s degrees cater to professional fields, and a typical Master’s degree program is often designed to be a terminal degree.

In contrast, in most European countries, the discussion about a  separate  Master’s degree does not make sense because a Master’s program is required to reach the qualification for the PhD level.

WHAT’S THE FOCUS OF MASTER’S VS PHD: COURSEWORK VS RESEARCH?

A Master’s degree involves structured coursework which allows students to deepen their understanding of a particular subject . Some Master’s programs may also have a research component leading to a thesis.

In contrast, a PhD is primarily research-focused . While there might be some coursework in the initial years of study, the main focus is on independent research, leading to the creation of new knowledge.

Graduate programs in related fields like social work or clinical psychology may offer  specialized Master’s degrees , such as the Master of Social Work (MSW) or Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology, designed to build academic and professional skills.

If you’re wondering whether to take the next step towards a Master of Business Administration (MBA) or a Juris Doctor (JD), which are considered  professional degrees rather than research degrees , assess the degree level that aligns with your professional goals.

For graduate students who have set their sights on becoming doctoral students, PhD programs offer a deep dive into postgraduate study. However, degree requirements for graduate school can be pretty rigorous, especially for a specialized Ph.D. program.

The life of a PhD student is marked by hard work and a deep commitment to contributing original knowledge to their field. Typically, Ph.D. candidates spend their academic year fully immersed in research projects, including anything from scientific research in clinical psychology to molecular biology.

ADVANTAGES OF A RESEARCH MASTER’S DEGREE

Opting for a research Master’s degree, such as a Master of Science, allows for a combination of coursework and a research project, often culminating in a thesis.

This path can provide rigorous training programs in research methodology and data analysis, valuable for those considering eventual doctoral degree pursuits.

Additionally, for those questioning if a doctoral degree is a good investment of time and resources, a Master’s program may be a sensible interim step to gain further work experience and professional development.

IS A PHD THE HIGHEST ACADEMIC DEGREE?

Yes, a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is often regarded as the highest academic degree in many fields.

However, it is helpful to note that  a PhD is not universally the highest degree in all fields . For example, in professional fields like law and medicine, the  Juris Doctor (JD)  and the  Doctor of Medicine (MD)  are terminal degrees for professional practice but differ from a PhD.

Additionally, other degrees represent the highest level of professional achievement in their respective fields, such as the  Doctor of Education (EdD), Doctor of Business Administration (DBA),  or  Doctor of Engineering (EngD) .

In some cases, there are also specialized degrees that go beyond the PhD in certain fields. For example, the  Doctor of Science (ScD)  or  Doctor of Letters (DLitt)  may be considered higher or at least on par with the PhD, depending on the institution and country. These are often awarded for a substantial body of academic research and publication.

CAREER PROSPECTS AFTER A MASTER’S VS PHD DEGREE

It is important to consider how each degree can also shape your career in science. A Master’s degree can open up opportunities for higher salaries and specialized job roles that might require a deep understanding of a particular area. You also start earning earlier compared to a PhD candidate. For example, with a Master of Public Health, you might immediately enter the workforce in your specific domain.

A PhD prepares individuals better for a research career in academia or industry. However, many PhD graduates also pursue roles in consultancy or policy-making. Someone with a PhD entering a different field may find that their degree gives them an edge in research and analytical skills.

It is crucial to assess the career and salary outcomes of the respective degrees to determine which is the most suitable for you.

WILL A PHD HELP ME EARN A HIGHER SALARY?

Generally, individuals with a PhD tend to earn higher salaries than those with just a Master’s degree. The advanced knowledge, specialized skills, and research experience gained during a PhD program make individuals more valuable in the job market, leading to better job prospects and higher earning potential.

WHICH GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM IS MORE EXPENSIVE? MASTER’S VS PHD?

The cost of pursuing either a doctorate or a Masters degree is a significant factor. While a Master’s degree can also be costly, PhD programs often come with more opportunities for financial aid such as fellowships or teaching assistantships, which can significantly reduce your total cost.

Prospective students must research and compare the salary outcomes and potential debt of Master’s and doctorate degrees. Salary is one of several crucial factor to choose a position.

When considering graduate programs, financial aid is a significant factor. While the costs of a Master’s program can vary, many students take out student loans.

The cost of a Master’s degree can be offset by working as a research assistant, which helps financially and enhances practical skills and subject knowledge essential for a successful professional career in science. Similarly, doctoral programs often offer substantial financial support, such as stipends.

The availability and extent of financial support can greatly vary depending on the field of study, institution, and country. Not all doctoral programs offer substantial financial support, and some students may still need to rely on loans or personal funding. However, there are many  free or fully funded PhD programs .

The cost of tuition varies widely between institutions and countries. The duration of the programs can also affect the overall cost. Typically, a Master’s program is shorter in duration than a PhD, which might imply that even if the annual costs are higher for a Master’s, the total cost could be less due to the shorter time frame.

Finally, you must consider the indirect costs of graduate education, such as living expenses, which can vary widely and impact the  overall costs and duration of pursuing a graduate degree.

SCOPE AND DEPTH: MASTERS DEGREE THESIS VS PHD DISSERTATION

While both a thesis (usually associated with a Masters degree) and a dissertation (associated with a PhD) involve research, the depth and scope differ. A Master’s thesis focuses on a particular topic, offering a new perspective or a deeper understanding. In contrast, a PhD dissertation involves extensive research to create new knowledge or theory in the chosen field.

IS A CAREER IN ACADEMIA THE ONLY PATH FOR PHD GRADUATES?

No. While many with a PhD degree pursue roles in academia, others venture into the corporate world, non-profit sectors, and governmental roles. Industries that require specialized knowledge or research skills often value PhD graduates.

It’s worth noting that some sectors that do not require a PhD may find the expertise of someone with a doctorate advantageous.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE APPLYING FOR A MASTER’S DEGREE OR A PHD

When deciding between a Master’s vs PhD, consider the following:

Your scientific career goals : Do you see yourself in academia or research?

Duration of study : Are you ready to commit several years to a doctorate?

Financial aspects : Can you support the cost of tuition or are there scholarships available?

Passion for research : A PhD will require intense, focused research. 

• Master’s degrees are typically coursework-focused with some research, while PhDs emphasize extensive research.
• PhDs generally take longer to complete than Master’s degrees.
• Career opportunities vary, with PhDs preparing individuals mainly for roles in academia and research, though other industries also value doctorate holders.
• Financial considerations are vital, with PhD programs often providing more financial support than Master’s programs.
• A passion for research and commitment to the subject are crucial for those considering a PhD.

Deciding whether to complete a PhD or Master’s degree varies greatly depending on personal career goals and academic interests. For a lot of people, graduate studies at the Master’s level provide sufficient qualifications for their intended career paths. However, if you aim to immerse yourself in academia or high-level research, a PhD is likely the better choice.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)

Which degree is right for me, a master’s or a phd.

Choosing between a Master’s degree and a PhD depends on your scientific career goals and personal aspirations. When considering an advanced degree, it’s essential to contemplate the significant differences between a Master’s degree and a PhD.

A Master’s program typically offers a structured path, often leading to a thesis-driven Master’s degree, which may be the best fit for students seeking to enhance their skills in a specialized area without the commitment to the long haul of a PhD study.

A PhD may be a better fit if you are interested in pursuing a research-oriented career or becoming a subject matter expert in a specific field. However, if you want to gain specialized knowledge and skills in a particular profession or industry, a Master’s degree could be the best choice.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF GETTING A PHD VS MASTER’S?

Earning a PhD offers several advantages. It allows you to  become an expert in a particular area of study  and opens up opportunities for advanced research and teaching positions. A PhD also enhances your critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills. Additionally, individuals with a PhD generally earn higher salaries than those with a Master’s degree.

HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO COMPLETE A MASTER’S VS PHD?

The duration of a Master’s or PhD program varies depending on the field of study, research topic, and individual circumstances. On average, it takes around 1-3 years to complete a Master’s, while it takes around 4-7 years to complete a PhD, including the time spent on coursework, research, and dissertation writing. Several key factors  influence the duration of a doctorate .

CAN I APPLY FOR A PHD PROGRAM WITH JUST A BACHELOR’S DEGREE?

Typically, most European PhD programs require applicants to have a Master’s degree or its equivalent, while US universities accept candidates with only a bachelor’s degree because their PhD programs contain a Master’s component.

CAN I SWITCH FROM A MASTER’S PROGRAM TO A PHD PROGRAM?

Yes, it is possible to transition from a Master’s program to a PhD program. Many universities offer an option to apply for a PhD program after completing a Master’s degree. However, admission is competitive, and you will need to meet the additional requirements set by the PhD program, such as research experience and a strong academic record.

CAN I PURSUE A PHD IN A DIFFERENT FIELD THAN MY MASTER’S DEGREE?

Yes, pursuing a PhD in a different field is possible than your Master’s degree. However, switching fields may require additional coursework and research experience to bridge the knowledge gap. It’s essential to consider the specific requirements and expectations of the PhD program you are interested in.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MASTERS VS PHD PROJECTS?

In a Master’s program, the final project usually focuses on applying the knowledge gained during the program and demonstrating Mastery of the subject. In a PhD program, the emphasis is on conducting original research that contributes to the existing body of knowledge in the field. A PhD project typically involves a more comprehensive and in-depth study.

WHAT ARE THE CAREER OPPORTUNITIES AFTER COMPLETING A PHD?

Completing a PhD opens up a wide range of scientific career opportunities. Graduates with a PhD often pursue careers in academia as professors or researchers. The path to become a tenured professor is long, thus, reflect carefully whether it is worth it to become a professor.

PhD graduates can also work in research and development roles in industries, government agencies, non-profit organizations, and consulting firms. Additionally, a PhD can lead to leadership positions in various sectors and provide opportunities for entrepreneurship.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I have used AI systems, including Grammarly, Google Bard, and ChatGPT, to enhance the English and comprehensiveness of this article. This post may contain affiliate links, meaning I get a small commission if you decide to purchase through my link. Thus, you support smartsciencecareer at no cost to you!

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Sven Hendrix is a Professor of Neuroanatomy at Medical School Hamburg (MSH) in Germany. He leads a research group dedicated to the neuroimmunology of brain repair and the development of xenofree organoid models as alternatives to animal experiments. Additionally, he serves as the speaker for CENE, a center focused on academic career development across MSH, Medical School Berlin (MSB), and the Health and Medical University (HMU) in Potsdam and Erfurt, Germany.

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Master’s vs PhD/Doctorate Degrees – Key Differences

So, you are done with your bachelor’s degree but not with studying–according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , this seems like a good idea. In its projections for the years 2019–2029, it lists 36 occupations that typically require a master’s degree and 63 requiring a doctoral or professional degree. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data also shows that the wages for these occupations are higher than the median for all occupations. 

Now you might wonder: What is the difference between master’s and PhD degrees and which one should I get? Read on for all the information you need to make this important decision!

Difference Between Masters and PhD: An Overview

A master’s degree is designed to teach you the knowledge and skills that you will need in your future profession. A PhD or doctorate degree, on the other hand, is designed to develop your critical thinking as well as your analytical and writing skills and is usually a years-long commitment to independent research on a specific subject. The purpose of a PhD is to prepare you for a career in academic research—although it can also help you get into a variety of other professions, and at a higher entry/salary level. In the US, a master’s degree is integrated into a PhD program, as a necessary preparation period involving mostly coursework, while in most other countries, a separate master’s degree is required to enter a PhD program.

If you want to stand out, you should definitely opt for a PhD degree: According to the United States Census Bureau , 24 million people in the US had master’s or professional degrees in 2019, whereas only 4.5 million had PhDs/doctorates. But is it worth the extra effort? And what exactly would the extra effort be? Have a look at the table below to get an idea about the key differences between master’s and PhDs.

Master’s vs PhD

Master’s or doctorate: which should you choose, how long does a master’s vs doctorate take to complete.

While the length of time it will take you to complete a PhD or master’s degree varies significantly between institutions and countries, we will focus on the US system here. Obviously, PhDs take much longer, because they are in fact a combination of both degrees and involve a long period of independent research that can get even longer than expected, depending on your topic, the available equipment or support, and a lot of other factors.

How long to complete a master’s degree

In the US, a full-time master’s degree takes students generally 2 years to complete, while part-time degrees are usually double the time.

How long to complete a PhD/doctorate

Since US PhD programs only require a completed bachelor’s degree, they start with an integrated master’s of 2 years of coursework, followed by 3–4 years of independent research into a specific topic. That usually includes publishing results, presenting at conferences, and preparing the final dissertation. Note that stipends/funding do not always cover the entire time it can take you to complete your PhD project—make sure you are aware of alternative options and additional funding at your institution or have at least thought about a backup plan before you start.

Master’s Degree Cost vs. a PhD Cost

Most people assume that PhDs are more expensive because they take many more years to complete. However, since PhD students usually receive scholarships or stipends, sometimes just for their commitment to full-time research and sometimes in exchange for teaching, the direct costs for a dissertation can be lower than those for a master’s degree. 

Additionally, while you are very likely to earn more with both degrees, the additional years of studying for a PhD should be factored into any estimation of costs vs outcomes.

Cost of a master’s degree

Master’s degrees at US universities can cost anything from $30,000 to $120,000, with tuition depending on the type of institution (public, private nonprofit, or for-profit). University rankings and general reputation also affect tuition costs. 

Whether an expensive degree (e.g., MBAs are often notoriously expensive) is worth the money for you personally depends on what kind of salary you think you can expect after graduating from that specific school. The universities you consider applying to should be able to provide you with data on the career and salary outcomes of their students, either on their website or if you contact them and ask for these details.

You can of course try to get a stipend and/or apply for a teaching or research assistant position at your school, depending on your undergraduate degree and experience. Moreover, many institutions offer the possibility to complete a master’s degree part-time, while working, which allows students to fund themselves.

You might also be eligible to transfer credits toward your degree if you have a professional certification or have earned graduate-level course credit—which can significantly reduce your total cost for both degrees.

Cost of a PhD/dissertation

PhDs, unlike master’s degrees, are usually funded, which means that tuition fees are waived and stipends or scholarships take care of living costs. Phd students are, however, often expected to take on teaching or research responsibilities in exchange for their funding. 

There are a variety of scholarships you can apply for if you want to pursue a PhD in the US as an international student—US-based ones like the Fulbright Foreign Student Program or the HHMI International Student Research Scholarships , but there are probably also funding opportunities in your home country for students who want to embark on a PhD abroad.

Pursuing a PhD degree part-time might sometimes be possible, but since students are expected to invest a full workweek into their research and potential teaching responsibilities, this is usually not realistic.

To estimate the overall cost of a doctoral program, the extra years that you could be working a full-time job with a regular salary also need to be factored into the equation—and take into account that projects may end up taking longer than expected, due to difficulties in collecting data, supervisors dropping out or moving on, or unforeseeable crises such as the COVID-19 epidemic.

Career Prospects for a Master’s vs PhD

While both a master’s and a PhD degree will qualify you for a variety of occupations that require higher degrees, they can also get you a higher salary in a profession that is also open to employees with a lower education level. PhD holders can in theory expect the highest wages, but since the two degrees prepare you for very different careers, that alone shouldn’t be what you base your decision on.

Master’s degree jobs and positions

Master’s degrees are overall more versatile than PhDs when it comes to employment opportunities and cover a wide range of fields and professions. The most common master’s degrees are the Master’s of Arts (MA) and the Master’s of Science (MS). 

Master’s programs can generally be divided into three different types:

Research master’s degrees, such as an MA in Comparative Literature or an MS in Biology, prepare students for academic and non-academic research disciplines and usually end with a thesis based on an original piece of research. In some fields, however, you are expected to enter a Ph.D. program after completing your master’s to be competitive when it comes to finding a job later.

Professional master’s degrees teach you practical skills and in-demand competencies that qualify you for a specific field and enable you to understand issues that are relevant in a certain profession. Examples include the Master of Public Health (MPH), the  Master of Business Administration (MBA), or the MA in Teaching (MAT). 

Terminal master’s degrees are the highest academic degree in fields where doctorates are not offered, and prepare students for careers outside of academia. The Master’s of Fine Arts in Creative Writing, for example, or the MS in Library Science are as high as you can go in those fields.

To give you an idea, below, we listed the 10 occupations at the master’s level that are projected to have the most openings annually from 2019 to 2029, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the highest-paying occupations for master’s degree holders without required work experience, based on projections from 2016 to 2026.

Master’s degrees, apart from helping you develop professional skills tailored to the requirements of the profession you intend to enter, can also serve as a stepping stone if you are already in employment and want to progress your career development, earn a higher salary, or change careers by learning new skills and subject knowledge.

PhD/doctorate jobs and positions

PhDs are usually intended to lead to an academic career, and many students aim to eventually become university professors. However, careers in academia are highly competitive, and there are not nearly as many professor positions as there are PhD holders. The good news is that the skills you learn during your doctoral program are often “transferable” and can be applied to other types of careers. 

Some PhD graduates end up (and enjoy) being colleague teachers, while others embark on non-academic research careers, for example at pharmaceutical companies, government agencies, consulting and technology firms, or think tanks. Job prospects vary widely across fields, with some—computer science, engineering, or economics—having very low unemployment rates, and others, for example the humanities, offering fewer and less desirable employment opportunities. Keep in mind, however, that someone with a PhD entering a different field or one that does not necessarily require a PhD may find that their degree sometimes does not help them or that they are even considered to be “overqualified” or as lacking practical skills and relevant professional experience.

Since there is no clear career path for PhD graduates, you should really take your time figuring out what field you want to work in later, what the career prospects for that field are, and if they are worth the time and effort you will have to invest to complete a PhD program. Your university should have data on the careers and salaries of their students, and should either display these details on their website or send you the relevant information if you contact them directly.

Master’s vs PhD: Application Process

The application process for master’s and PhD programs is overall very similar. In general, you will need to provide the following:

Frequently Asked Questions about Master’s vs PhD Degrees

How long does a master’s degree take vs a phd.

Full-time master’s degrees usually take 2 years to complete. Many universities offer the option to do a master’s part-time, which takes double the time. PhD programs in the US  start with an integrated master’s of 2 years of coursework (since you enter the program directly after completing your bachelor’s degree), followed by 3–4 years of independent research. 

Is a PhD harder than a master’s degree?

A PhD takes substantially longer and requires more self-motivation, organizational skills, and the willingness to carry on even when things do not go according to plan. You might also have other responsibilities, on top of your research, such as teaching or assisting your supervisor. But whether that is “harder” for you than a master’s degree that consists of mostly coursework and does not take more than 2 years depends on your interests and general working style. 

Is a master’s or doctorate better?

Master’s and doctorate degrees prepare you for different occupations and work positions, and which one is the right for you depends on what kind of career you are planning to pursue. Generally, a master’s degree is right for you if you want to deepen your career-oriented knowledge and skills for a specific profession, while a doctorate degree prepares you for a career in research, whether that is inside or outside a university.

Preparing Your Graduate School Essays

Now that you have figured out whether a master’s or PhD degree is the right choice for you, all that is left to do is to put your application together! Make sure that you focus on your chosen degree and its aim (research or a professional career) in all required documents—for example, highlight your professional and personal development in your CV for an MBA program, but the publication you got out of your bachelor’s thesis and how passionate you are about doing more research on the same topic for your application to a PhD program. 

As always, Wordvice can help with our professional Personal Statement Editing Services or Admission Editing Services , which help ensure that your application is error-free and showcases your full potential so that you get admitted to the graduate or doctoral program of your choice. For more academic resources on writing the statement of purpose for grad school or on how to request a letter of recommendation , head over to our Admissions Resources pages.

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The phd360 experience.

Brown’s PhD360 Experience represents a comprehensive approach to student development. Brown offers high-touch doctoral education that balances disciplinary depth with an integrative approach that leverages the vast resources of the broader University.

Complementing the support within academic departments and from primary faculty advisors, the Graduate School fosters a robust array of programs and activities that contribute to personal and professional development. PhD360 organizes student development into six intentional areas of impact. These areas are meant to promote and catalyze the work that happens in centers, institutes, schools, departments, programs and the Graduate School. 

Areas of Impact

The PhD360 Experience at Brown provides opportunities across six key areas: collaborative research, teaching and mentoring, communicating research, career exploration, travel and grant opportunities, and community and leadership. Curated by the Graduate School, the PhD360 Experience connects doctoral students to a rich network of opportunities offered by a wide range of University partners, each with their own areas of expertise. 

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Collaborative research, communicating research, community and leadership, teaching and mentoring, travel and grant opportunities.

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Nebraska Wesleyan University 5000 Saint Paul Avenue Lincoln, NE 68504 (402) 827-1554 graduateadmissions [at] nebrwesleyan.edu (graduateadmissions[at]nebrwesleyan[dot]edu)

Nebraska Wesleyan’s Master of Social Work program equips you to help clients integrate the impacts of past or ongoing trauma within their lives. This trauma-conscious approach prepares you to pursue clinical licensure or practitioner certification.

Our evening MSW program fits the schedules of working adults. Take classes just one evening per week in eight-week sessions. Combine in-person classes in Lincoln and online coursework for personal attention and flexibility.

An MSW expands the scope of practice for social workers beyond mental health practice to include policy practice and advocacy, program administration and development and community organizing. That’s why employers often prefer the Master of Social Work degree over other behavioral health degrees.

At NWU, you can choose one of two paths to your Master of Social Work degree. Both offer full and part-time options and classes begin in August. Apply early decision by November 15. Apply priority decision February 15. If you apply after January 15, you’ll be accepted on a rolling basis until the cohort is full.

If you have a bachelor’s degree in a subject other than social work, Nebraska Wesleyan’s generalist MSW program is for you. This 66-credit-hour program includes a 32-credit generalist year and a 34-credit specialized year. MSW students complete 400 hours of practicum experience in the first year and another 500 hours in the second year.

Hybrid classes are held in eight-week sessions, combining online coursework with in-person classes in Lincoln on Tuesday or Thursday evenings. If you’re a full-time student, you’ll take two classes each session and complete your degree in two years. If you’re a part-time student, you’ll take one class each session and graduate in four years.

Admission deadlines

When you apply for the generalist MSW program by November 15, you will receive an admission decision by December 1. When you apply for the generalist MSW program by February 15, you will receive an admission decision by March 1. If you apply after January 15, you’ll be accepted on a rolling basis until the cohort is full. If you are currently completing a bachelor’s degree, you will receive a contingent admission offer pending successful completion of your degree.

Admission criteria

Nebraska Wesleyan University uses a holistic process to review all applications and select students with a variety of skills, views and experiences. NWU’s Master of Social Work program requires the following for admittance.

• Undergraduate degree (3.0 GPA) from an accredited college/university with previous coursework in statistics as well as at least 9 credit hours of coursework in the social sciences, to include sociology, psychology, political science and similar disciplines.
• Resume documenting previous volunteer, internship and/or work experience.
• one academic reference from a previous faculty member, if possible.
• professional references should speak to the student’s readiness for graduate school.
• Writing sample formatted in APA style with the use of citations. The sample should demonstrate sufficient writing skill needed for graduate level coursework. The writing sample should be no more than five pages plus a title page and reference page (no more than seven pages total). Applicants will be provided with a prompt to guide their response.

Transcripts  

Contact your most recent degree-granting institution and request that they send official transcripts to the address below. If you graduated from Nebraska Wesleyan, you do not need to request transcripts from NWU.

Nebraska Wesleyan University Graduate Admissions 5000 St. Paul Avenue Lincoln, NE 68504

You may apply for advanced standing in NWU’s MSW program if you earned your Bachelor of Social Work from an CSWE-accredited school within the last five years. Students who earned their BSW more than five years ago will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

This advanced 34-credit-hour program includes 500 practicum hours. Hybrid classes are held in eight-week sessions, combining online coursework with in-person classes in Lincoln on Tuesday or Thursday evenings. If you’re a full-time student, you’ll take two classes each session and complete your degree in one year. If you’re a part-time student, you’ll take one class each session and graduate in two years.

When you apply for the advanced standing MSW program by November 15, you will receive an admission decision by December 1. When you apply for the advanced standing MSW program by January 15, you will receive an admission decision by March 1. If you apply after February 15, you’ll be accepted on a rolling basis until the cohort is full. If you are currently completing a bachelor’s degree, you will receive a contingent admission offer pending successful completion of your degree and demonstration of competency as evaluated by your field instructor.

Advanced standing admission criteria

• Undergraduate degree in social work from a CSWE-accredited program (3.0 GPA) from an accredited college/university with previous coursework in statistics as well as at least nine credit hours of coursework in the social sciences, to include sociology, psychology, political science and similar disciplines.
• One academic reference from previous faculty member, if possible.
• Professional references should speak to the student’s readiness for graduate school.
• Writing sample formatted in APA style with the use of citations. The sample should demonstrate sufficient writing skill needed for graduate level coursework. The writing sample should be no more than five pages plus a title page and reference page (no more than seven pages total). Applicants will be provided with a prompt to guide their response.

MSW Accreditation

Nebraska Wesleyan University’s MSW Program is accredited by the Council on Social Work Education’s (CSWE) Board of Accreditation (BOA).

Accreditation of a baccalaureate or master’s social work program by the BOA indicates that it meets or exceeds standards of program quality evaluated through a peer review accreditation process. An accredited program has sufficient resources to meet its mission and goals and the BOA has verified that it demonstrates compliance with all sections of the Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS).

Accreditation applies to all program options, which includes locations and delivery methods

Accreditation provides reasonable assurance about the quality of the program and the competence of students graduating from the program.

Review our program’s accredited status in CSWE’s Directory of Accredited Programs. For more information about social work accreditation, contact CSWE’s Department of Social Work Accreditation.

Get Started

Master of Social Work Virtual Information Session

OCT 21 EVENT

Your MSW at NWU

Does a trauma-conscious MSW make sense for you? Prof. Toni Jensen shows what it means.

SUBMIT A STORY IDEA

$2M gift establishes endowed chair in Holocaust, human rights and genocide studies

Leonard Hammer with University of Arizona study abroad students at the Israeli parliament building, the Knesset, in Jerusalem, in 2018.

David Graizbord

The University of Arizona will establish the Edwin and Alma Lakin Holocaust, Human Rights, and Comparative Genocide Endowed Chair in the Arizona Center for Judaic Studies with a $2 million gift commitment from a lead anonymous donor and additional gifts from Tucson community members. 

The creation of the endowment was also supported by prominent Tucson-area and U of A philanthropists Paul and Alice Baker.

"I am deeply grateful to the Tucson community members who have funded the Edwin and Alma Lakin Holocaust, Human Rights, and Comparative Genocide Endowed Chair," said Lori Poloni-Staudinger , dean of the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences , which houses the Arizona Center for Judaic Studies . "Their vision and generosity will broaden the college's expertise and outreach on these crucial topics."

The focus of the Lakin Endowed Chair will be Holocaust studies research, teaching courses related to the Holocaust, human rights, and comparative genocide, and engaging in significant community outreach. The inaugural holder is Leonard Hammer , a senior lecturer in the Arizona Center for Judaic Studies. 

Hammer will serve as a point of contact for collaborations between the Jewish communities in Tucson and Southern Arizona. He will also support local educators in implementing state-mandated Holocaust education, participate in genocide awareness initiatives, and collaborate with colleagues across various disciplines and academic units at the university. 

Hammer's research focuses on international law, human rights, the Middle East and sacred spaces. A 2022 College of Social and Behavioral Sciences Teaching Award recipient, Hammer previously was the David and Andrea Stein Visiting Professor of Modern Israel Studies. He co-founded and now serves as director of outreach and program development for the U of A Human Rights Practice degree programs. Hammer has a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University, a Master of Laws in international law from New York University, and a doctorate in international human rights from the University of London.

"I am eager to take on the responsibilities of this chair, especially at such an important juncture in both world and Jewish history," Hammer said. "I am both honored and grateful to carry on the legacy of Eddie and Alma Lakin, specifically to cultivate the means for proper Holocaust memorialization and education, as an inroad to foment better insights into future atrocity prevention." 

The Lakin Endowed Chair benefits from the U of A Eminent Scholars Program, established to help the university recruit and retain top faculty. The program matches philanthropic investments with state funding and funds a one-time $100,000 award to support graduate students working with the holder of the chair.

Preserving Jewish Memory: The Vision Behind the Lakin Chair

The leading donor of the Lakin Endowed Chair has an abiding sense of responsibility for preserving knowledge of the Holocaust and promoting humane values, said David Graizbord , professor of Judaic studies and director of the Arizona Center for Judaic Studies. The donor lived and worked on an Israeli kibbutz in the 1970s. In the U.S., the donor has focused on supporting higher education and helping children and adults with physical and mental disabilities.

The donor – a voracious reader of books on Jewish history and the history of the Holocaust – has long enjoyed attending academic lectures sponsored by the Arizona Center for Judaic Studies and its supporters, Graizbord said. The donor views the establishment of the chair as a crucial investment in the quality of scholarship, and the quality of life, at the U of A. 

The late Edwin and Alma Lakin, for whom the chair is named, wanted to preserve Jewish history and memory and cultivate critical thinking regarding the origins of human cruelty, Graizbord said. They were among the founding supporters of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. They also spearheaded and underwrote the establishment of the Edwin & Alma N. '51 Lakin Holocaust Library & Resource Center at Albright College in Reading, Pennsylvania. 

Strengthening Community Ties 

The Arizona Center for Judaic Studies, housed in the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences School of Global Studies , was established in 2004 and offers a wide range of courses in Jewish history, religion, culture and language, including a Hebrew language program. Its mission contributes to the university's goals by advancing scholarship, providing dynamic undergraduate instruction, and engaging in community outreach, Graizbord said. He added that the center's strong relationships with other departments, and with Tucson's Jewish community, facilitate opportunities to explore Judaic culture across different places, times and disciplines.

"The creation of the Lakin Chair is the result of a long-term partnership between the Arizona Center for Judaic Studies and its friends in Tucson's Jewish community," Graizbord said. "We, the faculty and staff of the center, are deeply grateful for the success of this partnership, on which the center's success depends." 

Stuart Mellan, retired CEO of the Jewish Federation of Southern Arizona and a long-time community partner of the Arizona Center for Judaic Studies, expressed his enthusiasm for the creation of this new endowment and the work it will support. 

"It's been thrilling to see the center grow and thrive through the years. This newly expanding area of focus will be incredibly relevant not only in academia but also in the center's outreach to the community, where it has distinguished itself and made such a powerful impact."

"This gift helps the U of A advance its land-grant mission, both through supporting vital research and meaningfully growing community engagement, in this case, with Southern Arizona's Jewish community," said John-Paul Roczniak, president and CEO of the University of Arizona Foundation. "I couldn't be more grateful to our lead donor and those who rallied together to make this endowed chair possible." 

The $2 million gift commitment is part of the  Fuel Wonder campaign, the university's $3 billion fundraising effort . Gifts already made to the campaign are giving every student access to a cohesive ecosystem of support, powering new insights into the human immunome and transforming research in areas including cancer, engineering, space sciences and the humanities.

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