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How to Apply for a PhD in Germany: Programs, Funding, & FAQs

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Germany is an excellent destination for both young and experienced researchers. 

The European country is third behind the U.S. and China for research & development expenditure . Plus, it is home to some of the most prestigious (and affordable!) research universities in the world.

If you’re considering doing a PhD in Germany, you will need to follow these steps:

The main steps to doing a PhD in Germany:

  • Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor
  • Decide Between Individual and Structured PhD Programs
  • Meet All Requirements & Prepare Your Application
  • Apply for Doctoral Studies
  • Secure Funding
  • Get a Student Visa or Resident Permit
  • Arrive in Germany and Begin Your PhD Program

[Infographic Below]

Why Pursue a PhD in Germany?

If you’re not yet sure if you should choose Germany for your PhD studies, here are some compelling reasons why you should consider it:

Important Tip: To Maximize Your Chances of Getting Your German Student Visa You Should Use a Blocked Account as Proof of Financial Resources.

A blocked account is a special type of bank account , to prove you have enough funds to live in Germany for one year.

As of 2024, as a foreigner in Germany you need a minimum of €992 euros per month for living expenses. So, you are required to have a total of €11,904 in your bank account before you apply for a German internship visa.

Click here to learn more about the German Blocked Account

  • Top-tier universities. Four German universities are ranked in the top 100 global universities, and many more are in the top 200.
  • Large international student community. Germany welcomes a diverse and thriving international student community. Over 458,210 international students are currently studying in the country.
  • Quality research institutions. There are over a thousand publicly funded research institutions (universities, universities of applied sciences, research institutes, businesses, and government bodies) that you can choose from in Germany.
  • High investment in research and development. Germany’s public expenditure in the research and development sector reached a record high of 112.6 billion euros in 2021.
  • Strong economy. Germany is known for its strong and stable economy. After completing your PhD, there are plenty of employment opportunities in the academic, business, and research sectors.

How to Apply for a PhD in Germany

From finding the perfect program for you to submitting your application and starting your PhD, here are all the steps you need to take:

1. Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor

After all the years of studying leading up to this step, you most likely have a few areas of interest you want to do your research in.

This is the first important step: define your research focus by considering your interests and academic background. If you need more help, you can consult online resources from research universities. Or, even better, you can discuss your decision to pursue a PhD with academic communities online or offline and seek advice from current PhD students in Germany who can tell you more about their individual experiences.

If you already know what your research direction is, you can begin searching for suitable programs right ahead. 

  • The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has an extensive list of current opportunities, which you can look up at the  DAAD PhD Database . 
  • Another option is to research universities in Germany individually to find the newest opportunities and offerings at each institution.

You will also have to find a supervisor. The best way to do this is to go to university websites and find faculty directories with profiles of professors and their research fields/current projects. Contact professors whose work aligns with your interests via email to inquire about supervision opportunities.

> Search PhD programs from 31,000 research institutions listed on the GERiT database .

Types of PhD Programs in Germany

There are two different paths you can take when pursuing a PhD: individual PhD programs and structured PhD programs. Each comes with its own set of advantages and requirements.

Individual doctorates are the most common and what is considered the more ‘traditional’ PhD route in Germany, especially in humanities and social sciences. 

They are flexible and you’re expected to take charge of your work. You are responsible for finding your supervisor (“Doktorvater” or “Doktormutter”) and proposing your research topic.

These programs don’t have a fixed curriculum, so you’ll have plenty of freedom to design your research timeline and choose the coursework you like. 

To succeed, you need a lot of self-discipline and to actively network, be it in doctoral candidate meetings or events related to your research.

Structured PhD programs are ideal for people who want a clear path to completing this degree, although they’re not as common in Germany.

It usually takes three to five years to complete a structured PhD path. 

They are called such because they include a curriculum and research proposal that has to fit an existing project, within a set timeline for coursework and research.

Candidates work under the supervision of an advisor and collaborate with peers from different disciplines to get the best possible results.

2. Verify That You Meet All Requirements & Prepare the Application

Requirements and application documents to apply for a PhD in Germany are specific to the institution and research area you’re applying to. But, as a general guideline, you should prepare the following:

  • Academic degree recognized in Germany. You need a master’s degree or a German state examination (Staatsexamen) in a field relevant to the PhD program to qualify.
  • Copy of master’s thesis. Submit a copy of your master’s thesis. The work should demonstrate your research skills and the depth of your academic work.
  • Research proposal. Craft a clear and detailed research proposal that includes your intended research topic, objectives, methodology, and significance. 
  • Statement of purpose. Write a statement of purpose why you want to do a PhD in your chosen field, your academic and career goals, and how this program aligns with them.
  • Curriculum Vitae (CV). Prepare a detailed CV highlighting your academic achievements, research experience, relevant coursework, publications, and any other qualifications.
  • Proof of language proficiency. Depending on the language of instruction, you may have to provide proof of language proficiency in English and/or German. You can do this with certificates like TestDaF and DSH for German or TOEFL and IELTS for English. Proof of previous studies in the language is also sufficient.
  • Academic references. Provide contact information or recommendation letters from professors/ academic advisors who can attest to your academic abilities and potential.
  • Predoctoral examination. Some programs ask that you pass a predoctoral examination as part of the application process.

3. Apply for Doctoral Studies

After finding a suitable PhD program and mentor, and making sure your academic qualifications are recognized, you can send in your application.

You can send in your application online or by post, depending on the hosting institution’s preferences. To make sure, check their guidelines and specifications. Admission committees are selective, so you may also have to attend an interview soon in the application process.

4. Secure Funding

You must demonstrate access to a minimum of €992 per month (€11,908 per year) to meet visa requirements and live comfortably while you’re in Germany. You can prove this through an admission agreement or relevant PhD contract, or you can open a blocked account with individual funds.

There are many ways to support yourself financially while pursuing a PhD in Germany:

  • PhD scholarships. DAAD offers the highest number of doctoral scholarships. PhD students get an average monthly stipend of €1,139. 
  • Paid PhD positions. Many universities and research institutions offer paid PhD positions in Germany. You will work on specific research projects on a contract and receive a salary.
  • Research associate positions. You can also work as a research associate in a university, research institution, or company and receive a salary as compensation.
  • Part-time jobs. Some PhD students/researchers work part-time jobs that are not related to their studies for extra income.

> Read more about the costs of studying in Germany.

> Discover PhD scholarships in Germany.

5. Get a Student Visa or Resident Permit

If the institution confirms your place in the PhD program, next in line is applying for a student visa or residence permit. The requirements for a German PhD visa or permit can vary depending on your nationality and circumstances: 

Visa Requirements

If you’re a citizen of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), or Switzerland, you don’t need a special permit or visa for a PhD in Germany. You can enter the country for research and work purposes with a valid passport or ID card.

Otherwise, you will need a visa and/or a residence permit to do your PhD in Germany. Nationals of some countries, including the United States, Australia, Israel, Japan, and Korea, don’t need a visa but must apply for a residence permit.

Depending on the circumstances, you need one of the following visas:

  • Study visa. If you’re pursuing a full-time doctoral program.
  • Research visa. If your focus is on research and you have a formal affiliation with a research institution in Germany.
  • EU Blue Card. If your PhD contract pays a gross annual salary of at least €45,300 (or €41,041.80 in certain professions), you can apply for an EU Blue Card . This is a special residence title for international academics and other professionals.

Residence Permit Requirements

If you come to Germany on a visa, you will need to apply for a residence permit within three months of arrival. This also applies to nationals of countries outside the EU, EEA, and Switzerland who are exempt from the visa requirement.

You can apply for one of the following residence permits:

  • Study permit. If you’re accepted into a PhD program at a German university, apply for a study-based residence permit. It lasts up to two years, extendable.
  • Research permit. If you’re a researcher with the right qualifications for doctoral programs, apply for a research permit. This requires a contract with a research institution for your project.
  • EU Blue Card. With a PhD offer that has a minimum salary of €45,300 per year, or €41,041.80 for some bottleneck professions , you may be eligible for the EU Blue Card. Apply for this permit if you meet the criteria.

> For more specific information tailored to your situation, we recommend contacting the German embassy or consulate in your home country. You can also use this visa navigator.

6. Arrive in Germany and Begin Your PhD Program

The most exciting step of all is near—time to unpack your bags and begin your life as a PhD student or researcher in Germany. Once you’re settled in, there are some formalities you need to take care of.

The international office at the university or another representative can guide you best on this. However, here are some of the main things you need to do once you arrive in Germany:

Register Your Residence

Shortly after your arrival, you must register your residence at the local registration office (Einwohnermeldeamt or Bürgeramt). This is mandatory, and you typically have a window of two weeks to complete this process. 

Get Health Insurance

Everyone in Germany is required by law to have health insurance coverage. This includes international PhD students. Depending on the source of your funding, you are eligible for one of the following health insurance coverages: 

  • Doctoral candidates with an employment contract are automatically insured with a state-regulated health insurance provider (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung-GKV) in most cases.
  • Doctoral candidates without an employment contract (with a fellowship or private funding) can choose between:
  • Voluntary health insurance coverage with a state-regulated provider.
  • Coverage with a private health insurance company.

There are some exceptions in which you can use your insurance from your home country. These apply to students from a European Union (EU) country or other countries with social security agreements with Germany.

Open a Bank Account 

You should open a German bank account as soon as possible. Most financial transactions in Germany, including receiving your stipend or salary, are done through a German bank account.

Enroll at the University

If your PhD program is part of a university degree, you need to enroll as a student at the university. Follow your university’s instructions to submit the necessary documents to the enrollment office. These usually include your admission letter, passport, proof of health insurance, and semester fee.

After you complete this process, you will receive an Enrollment Certificate (Immatrikulationsbescheinigung). This is a very important document that you most likely need in the future.

How to Apply for a PhD in Germany [Infographic]

How To Apply For A PHD in Germany

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

There’s a lot of planning involved if you’re considering doing a PhD, especially if it’s in a foreign country. We’re sure you’ve got more questions, and we’re here to help.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Germany?

A PhD in Germany usually takes between three to six years to complete. Just like in other countries, it can take longer or shorter than expected, depending on several factors. The type of PhD you choose (structured programs can be more rigid), your subject area, and individual progress can all make a difference in the time it takes to get a PhD in Germany.

Are PhD Programs in Germany Tuition-Free?

The majority of PhD programs in Germany are tuition-free, at least for the first six semesters. However, if need to enroll at a university for your PhD, there is a small semester fee you need to cover. The fee can be higher or lower depending on the university, but it usually falls within the range of €100 to €350.

Is German Mandatory to Pursue a PhD in Germany?

You don’t necessarily have to know German to do a PhD in Germany. In fact, most PhD programs in Germany are in English, especially in fields such as science, engineering, and humanities. In these programs, you can both write your thesis and communicate with your advisor and peers in English.

There is of course the chance that the program you’ve chosen is in German or requires knowledge of German (in most cases, in addition to English). In this case, you have to prove your proficiency through a recognized language certificate or proof of previous studies in German.

Even if German isn’t mandatory, we strongly encourage you to learn the basics. They will be super helpful in daily interactions and getting accustomed to life in Germany.

How Much Does a PhD Student Earn in Germany?

Most PhD candidates in Germany receive financial support in the form of a salary or grant. This includes candidates affiliated with universities, research institutes, or company collaborations.

The majority of doctoral positions are structured under either the Collective Agreement for Civil Service TVöD (Tarifvertrag für den öffentlichen Dienst or the Collective Agreement for the Civil Service of Individual Federal States TV-L (Tarifvertrag der Länder). Since universities are funded by their respective federal government, if your PhD is affiliated with one, your salary will be structured under the TV-L.

Doctoral positions fall within the TV-L 13 category, with a salary range spanning from €4,188 (Tier 1) to €6,037 (Tier 6). The difference between the tiers (Stufe) depends on prior experience in the field. If you don’t have any research experience, you will fall under Tier 1 and progress to the other tiers throughout your PhD.

Your salary will ultimately be determined based on a wage agreement that specifies the contract tier (Stufe) and working hours (percentage-based). Many entry-level PhD students start with tier 1 contracts that are not full-time. For example, if your contract places you in Pay Group E-13 Tier 1 of the TV-L and you work at 75% capacity, your monthly gross salary will be €3,141.

> Learn more about pay ranges for PhD students using this convenient calculator .

Can I Work While Pursuing a PhD in Germany?

Part-time work is an option in most cases unless it’s strictly stated otherwise in your contract. Whether or not you are allowed to work on the side as a PhD in Germany depends on the working hours stated in your PhD contract, supervisor, and other specific circumstances. 

However, since the PhD is considered a job in itself, it’s usually frowned upon to have a side hustle. Even if you have a 50% contract, a PhD is demanding and requires long hours of work and research. If you choose to work on the side, make sure to find the right balance between work and your PhD commitments. To be on the safe side, it’s best to talk to your supervisor and go over all the legal and contractual obligations related to your PhD.

What Is the Process for Defending a PhD Thesis in Germany?

Here are the main steps to defending your PhD thesis in Germany:

  • Submit your thesis. The first step is submitting submit your thesis and supporting documents in adherence to all the formal requirements. A commission will be formed, and in some cases, you can suggest reviewers.
  • Oral defense. The next step is preparing and undergoing an oral defense, which can take between 30 minutes to 2 hours. During this time, you will present your research and discuss it with the committee. The defense can be either public or private.
  • Receive the title and publish your work. The outcome of the discussion determines your final grade, to be received after the defense. If everything goes well, you’re granted the Ph.D. title and have about two years to publish your dissertation.

What Are the Career Prospects Like After Doing a PhD in Germany?

Career prospects after a PhD in Germany are quite promising. 

The most common paths for PhD holders in Germany are either in academia as professors or post-doctorate researchers or in industry positions. 

Technology, healthcare, and finance, in particular, are some of the most in-demand industries in Germany. The country’s strong economy and research-oriented environment make it an attractive place to develop your career.

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How to Study a PhD in Germany

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Sabrina Collier

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Table of contents

  • Introduction

Why study a PhD in Germany?

What types of phd are offered in germany , which german universities offer phds, how much does it cost to study a phd in germany, is there any funding available, what are the entry requirements, how do i apply for a phd in germany , do i need a student visa , do i need to speak german.

Germany is one of the most popular destinations for studying abroad, with around 3,600 international graduates completing their doctorate there every year. Read on to discover how to apply for a PhD in Germany…

It’s not difficult to see why Germany is popular as a study destination. It enjoys a global reputation as a world leader for technology innovation and research, has a robust economy and an attractive quality of life, and a particularly renowned tradition in fields such as engineering and manufacturing.

Many of its universities enjoy a strong international reputation, with 46 ranked within the top 1000 in the world in the QS World University Rankings® 2020 . Among these, the prestigious research university Technische Universität München is ranked first in the country and 55th   in the world, shortly followed by  Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in 63rd place.

As well as offering a high standard of living, Germany welcomes international students with low costs of study and good funding opportunities. PhDs in Germany do not usually charge tuition fees (see below), and more than a quarter of doctoral candidates in Germany receive public funding.

Individual doctorate

This is the traditional option and remains the most popular. In this type of PhD you will produce your thesis or dissertation under the supervision of a professor, but will mostly be working independently. The length of these PhDs varies, generally lasting three to five years. This option offers a great deal of flexibility, but also demands a high amount of personal initiative and responsibility. You are not limited to gaining your PhD by conducting research work at a university; you could also complete a project at a non-university research organization or at a German company in the industrial sector.

Structured PhD programs

You can also choose what is known as a structured PhD program. This involves a group of doctoral students being guided by a group of supervisors. There are around 600 programs of this nature available in Germany, often with an international make-up, with English as the language of instruction. These programs differ from individual doctorate programs as students’ research proposals have to fit in with existing PhD programs, whereas individual doctorates can be more freely structured to suit the individual research project. You will also need to attend lectures and seminars, and will normally have a mentor.

Many universities in Germany offer PhDs. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)  offers a  database  that you can use to search for the right PhD program for you.

Good news! Although tuition fees were reintroduced for non-EU students in the state of Baden-Württemberg in 2017, doctoral students are excluded from this, meaning that PhDs remain free for all students at all public universities in Germany, regardless of nationality, for up to the standard length of a PhD (three years). Beyond this, you may be required to pay fees.

However, as with all levels of study in Germany, PhD students are also required to make a semester contribution of between €150 to €200 (~US$175-230) for administration and other costs.

This means that your main expenses will be the general costs of living in Germany . If you apply for a student visa you will be asked to prove that you have access to a minimum of €10,236 (~US$11,266) per year.

This money will be used to cover living expenses, which include rent, food, clothing, transportation, working materials, recreation and other costs. Even more than this may be needed to live in a particularly expensive city such as Munich.

Most doctoral students work on a paid research project or receive a scholarship. If you want to apply for a scholarship to help with your expenses, you may be able to find these through the official website of the university you wish to study at. You can also consult our list of  scholarships to study in Germany , including PhD funding opportunities. Other good sources for finding scholarships include www.funding-guide.de and www.stipendienlotse.de (website in German).

You may also consider taking on a part-time job to supplement your funding, either within the university or beyond – but be aware of any possible restrictions. If you are a full-time EU or EEA student (excluding students from Bulgaria and Romania), there are no restrictions on where or when you can work. If you are a full-time student from outside of the EU you will be limited to working up to 120 full days or 240 half days per year before you must apply for a work permit. Upon gaining paid work in Germany you should contact the German employment office to learn about the legal conditions.

Entry requirements will vary between universities and PhD programs, but generally you will need to have a good higher education degree which is equivalent to a German master’s degree. Alternatively, extremely well-qualified international applicants with a bachelor’s degree may be admitted as doctoral students via a fast-track program, which will involve taking an entrance exam and perhaps attending an interview.

If you are studying your PhD in English and this is not your first language, you will need to prove your English language proficiency with an English language test such as IELTS or TOEFL. If you are studying or submitting your PhD in German, you may need to prove your proficiency in the language with a test such as the  DSH  or  TestDaF .

There is no central admissions process or selection office for doctoral students in Germany, and the application process differs depending on whether you have chosen a traditional (individual) or structured PhD – for the latter, you will simply need to apply directly to your chosen university.

If applying for an individual PhD, you will first need to find a suitable professor who is willing to be your supervisor. You may be able to find a supervisor through contacts from your previous university, or by searching for institutes and research centers or teams which relate to your area of interest.  The following online search platforms might help you find a suitable supervisor:

  • PhD Germany
  • Hochschulkompass.de
  • academics.de

Once you have found a supervisor, the responsible department or doctoral committee must confirm your eligibility as a doctoral candidate. This usually involves completing an application which includes a statement from your doctoral supervisor, certified copies of certificates, proof of recognition of your qualifications from the Dean’s office, academic references and the university degree that enables you to participate in doctoral study. Your application may also include an English or German language test result, if applicable. The Student Office of your chosen university will review these documents and grant permission for you to commence doctoral studies.

The next step is to enroll at the university. To be eligible for enrolment, the university must first accept your application for admission to doctoral studies. However, not all departments require doctoral applicants to formally enroll. You can find any requirements relating to enrolment on the university’s official website.

You must also make sure your postgraduate degree is recognized, obtain a residence permit and/or student visa, and ensure you have adequate finances for your stay.

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This will depend on your country of origin. Many students will find that they do not need a student visa, but do need a residence permit. You can read more about  obtaining a German student visa here , or find an overview of the countries for which a student visa is or isn’t required on the Foreign Federal Office’s  website .

No – however, we’d recommend learning at least basic German to help you get by in your host country, especially if you’d like to work during or after your studies . If you are studying an individual doctorate writing the doctoral thesis can often be written in English, while structured PhD programs frequently allow students to complete their doctorate in English.

For further information on studying a PhD in Germany, read the DAAD’s ‘ FAQs – Doing a doctorate in Germany ’ PDF.

This article was originally published in October 2015. It was updated in May 2020.

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The former Assistant Editor of TopUniversities.com, Sabrina wrote and edited articles to guide students from around the world on a wide range of topics. She has a bachelor's degree in English Literature and Creative Writing from Aberystwyth University and grew up in Staffordshire, UK. 

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TOP UNIVERSITIES TO PURSUE MASTERS

Introduction

As the demand for chips rise, eventually there will be a rise in the manpower in the VLSI sector. This manpower needs a platform to hone skills before entering into the industry. The TechoVedas team has compiled a list of top 5 universities to pursue masters in VLSI.

There is no domain specific ranking out there for MS programs in integrated circuits but we have tried to pool and rank these universities based on three factors:

  • Course curriculum
  • Industry support
  • GATE eligibility

In decreasing order of priority. We would be criticized much for not including enough US universities in the list. But one must understand the analogy that every country has its own strengths. If the Germans are domain experts of automobiles, similarly the East is well known for its expertise in novel electronics products and research. 

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1. National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (NYCU)

phd in germany in vlsi

SOP & LoRs important

One of the best institutes in the world for pursuing masters in VLSI or Computer engineering in general. Taiwan is currently the leader in the world for semiconductor manufacturing and design. With constant funding and projects from TSMC this institute is making strides in chip innovation. 

The Institute of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IECE) offers various programs and Electrical and Computer Engineering is one of them. The master’s program has two groups- A and B, and the Ph.D. program has three groups, A, B, and C.

A – Integrated Circuit and Sensing Elements

B – Artificial Intelligent and Computer Engineering

C – Biomedical Engineering

For now, we will focus on group A i.e., Integrated circuit and sensing elements. The Courses in the school of Electrical and Computer Engineering emphasize hands-on abilities in computer science/engineering, integrated circuits, and elements. The courses also cover various topics, including AI, semiconductors, IC design, memory design, biomedical electronics, and cutting-edge communication, to cultivate elites with interdisciplinary research abilities.

Read More: Masters by Research with Texas Instruments at IIT Madras (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});

The course details for MS and PhD. Programs are as follows:

phd in germany in vlsi

Website link – Electrical and Computer Engineering (nycu.edu.tw)

2. National University of Singapore, city-state, Singapore (NUS)

phd in germany in vlsi

Gate score accepted

NUS is one of the best universities in the world not only for microelectronics but Architecture/Built Environment and Social Sciences as well. With a QS world university ranking of 8, NUS is soaring high in its quest for quality education.

The college of design and engineering provides MS in Electrical and computer engineering. Student may choose to take up M. Sc (Electrical Engineering) programme with or without an area of specialisation.

Read More: US vs. Europe: The pros and cons of doing a Master’s

The choice of specialisation is optional and decision is to be made only after being admitted and registered as a MSc (Elect Eng) candidate at NUS. Student may opt for one of the following Specialisations:

  • Automation and Power engineering
  • Information systems
  • Nanoelectronics

Website: Electrical and Computer Engineering (nus.edu.sg)

3. Technical University of Munich | Nanyang Technological University (joint degree program)

phd in germany in vlsi

TU Munich is Germany’s best technical university . The Germans are experts in automobile engineering and automobiles these days are no different than moving smart devices. Smart device employs IoT and IoT is nothing but interconnection of electronics. You see where this is going…

To cater to the demand of VLSI engineers in the tech industry, TU Munich has collaborated with Nanyang Technological University, Singapore to offer a joint degree program in Integrated circuit design. 

This degree is a 2-year full-time programme. Students must complete their coursework, 3-month internship and 6-month of Master Thesis writing to qualify for graduation. Its worthy to note that the program is conducted in Singapore and covers analog to digital and mixed-circuit design over architectural concepts for integrated circuits to design methodology and automation.

Find the course brochure here: TUM Asia course brochure

Website: Master of Science in Integrated Circuit Design | TUM Asia (tum-asia.edu.sg)

4. California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

phd in germany in vlsi

GRE not necessary

Bringing the underdog to the forefront, Caltech university is one of the best institutes in America with industry support. With a QS ranking of 15 , it’s division of engineering and applied science offers masters degree in Electrical engineering.

There are two prominent research groups at Caltech for VLSI:

  • MICS Lab | Research (caltech.edu)
  • CHIC (caltech.edu)

Apart from the research groups there are a variety of courses offered at Caltech including 

  • Digital Circuit Design with FPGAs and VHDL,
  • Introduction to the Micro/Nanofabrication Lab,
  • Quantum Photonics, 
  • Quantum Electrical Circuits,

The entire list can be found here: Courses | Electrical Engineering (caltech.edu)

It is worthy to note admission to graduate studies in electrical engineering at Caltech is extremely competitive. Seeing this in mind the Admissions Committee attempts to select those applicants it judges both best qualified and best suited for the graduate program. GRE scores are not necessary.

Website: Graduate Program | Electrical Engineering (caltech.edu)

RWTH Achen University, Achen, Germany

phd in germany in vlsi

Aachen is a spa city near Germany’s borders with Belgium and the Netherlands. We will apologize for putting this university at the last because this university stands out for its unparalleled course structure. Any university stands out because of the courses it offers. If the courses are aligned with the latest industry needs then rankings matter less. RWTH Achen does just this!

The university offers MS degree in Electrical, information technology and computer engineering with majors in many fields. Our concern now is two of them namely

  • Micro- and Nanoelectronics (MINA)
  • Computer Engineering (COMP)

Both these programs are equipped with latest courses. The MINA course offers five study profiles

  • Neuromorphic hardware
  • Optoelectronics
  • Quantum Technology

Students can choose the array of subjects marked under their profile. Many subjects like Logic & memories, VLSI design is common in all profiles. A clear understanding of the subjects being taught can be obtained from the links below. 

Student profiles | MINA  

Student profiles | COMP

Note that an ‘X’ next to a subject in the profile indicates it is included in that profile’s study list.

  Special Mention – University of Tokyo, Tokyo Japan

phd in germany in vlsi

This university hails with a QS ranking of 28. It offers one of the most advanced courses in the world for Electrical and electronic engineering. The only reason we didn’t include it in our top 5 list is because of the language barrier for Japanese and the temporarily prevailing inflation rate there. 

 The Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems (EEIS) offers two courses and eight fields, making it one of the few universities to provide such a diverse set of research areas. The courses are summarized as follows:

phd in germany in vlsi

If one manages to avail the MEXT scholarship given by the Japanese embassy then Study in Japan is one of the best programs out there for students at all levels of study. This scholarship requires a Japanese and an English proficiency test and in return the embassy offers:

  • To and fro tickets from home country to Japan
  • Wavier of enrolment and university fees
  • A monthly stipend of 144,000 yen/month (Approx. Rs.87,600) 

Relevant links: 

University of Tokyo EEIS (u-tokyo.ac.jp)  

Embassy of Japan in India (emb-japan.go.jp)

The master’s degree which you call VLSI in India has got various names like electrical & computer engineering, integrated circuit design, micro & nano-electronics etc. outside. Although we have included top 5 universities to pursue masters in VLSI program links, one must be careful while navigating through the MS programs in the respective admission portals.

Kumar Priyadarshi

Kumar Priyadarshi

Kumar Priyadarshi is a prominent figure in the world of technology and semiconductors. With a deep passion for innovation and a keen understanding of the intricacies of the semiconductor industry, Kumar has established himself as a thought leader and expert in the field. He is the founder of Techovedas, India’s first semiconductor and AI tech media company, where he shares insights, analysis, and trends related to the semiconductor and AI industries.

Kumar Joined IISER Pune after qualifying IIT-JEE in 2012. In his 5th year, he travelled to Singapore for his master’s thesis which yielded a Research Paper in ACS Nano. Kumar Joined Global Foundries as a process Engineer in Singapore working at 40 nm Process node. He couldn’t find joy working in the fab and moved to India. Working as a scientist at IIT Bombay as Senior Scientist, Kumar Led the team which built India’s 1st Memory Chip with Semiconductor Lab (SCL)

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  • Study for a PhD in Germany: Programs, Funding & Opportunities
  • International

When considering a  PhD in Germany , you’ll encounter a diverse and globally recognised academic environment rich in opportunities for research and academic growth. To apply, you’ll typically need a Master’s degree or equivalent , and language requirements vary by program. Germany offers internationally-oriented  structured PhD programs , which last three years and include compulsory units for ECTS credits. You’ll work closely with a PhD supervisor and research training group. As an international candidate, you’ll find various  scholarships and grants  to support your studies. With tuition fees waived at  public universities  and diverse PhD programs often taught in English, Germany provides an ideal destination to study abroad.

Key Takeaways

  • Applying for a PhD in Germany requires a minimum of eight semesters of academic study, usually a Master’s degree or equivalent.
  • Language prerequisites for PhD programs in Germany vary, but many are taught in English, especially structured programs.
  • Financial support options include DAAD grants, stipendiums, and research positions at universities, which cover living expenses and provide income.
  • Structured PhD programs in Germany last typically three years and involve compulsory units for ECTS credits.
  • International students without a Master’s degree may be admitted with a Bachelor’s degree in exceptional cases.

Why Undertake a PhD in Germany?

Germany offers many compelling reasons to pursue a PhD:

  • High-quality research and education : German universities and research institutions have an outstanding reputation globally, providing access to cutting-edge research facilities and expertise across various disciplines.
  • No tuition fees : Most public universities in Germany do not charge tuition fees for PhD students, regardless of nationality, making it an affordable option for international students.
  • Excellent funding opportunities : There are numerous scholarships and funding programs available for PhD students in Germany. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) alone supports over 4,000 international doctoral students annually.
  • Strong industry connections : Germany has a robust research ecosystem with close ties between academia and industry. Many PhD programs offer collaborations with companies, providing valuable experience and potential career opportunities.
  • International environment : German universities welcome international researchers, creating a diverse and multicultural academic community. PhD theses and dissertations can often be written in English.
  • Career prospects : A German PhD is highly respected globally and can lead to excellent career opportunities in academia, international research institutions, or industry. Many PhD graduates find employment in Germany’s thriving industrial sector, making it a favourable place to work in Germany post-study.
  • Work-life balance : PhD students in Germany typically receive employment contracts with benefits such as health insurance, pension contributions, and vacation days.
  • Research freedom : Germany values academic freedom highly, with constitutional protection for research and scientific pursuits.
  • European mobility : As a PhD student in Germany, you can easily travel to other European Union countries for research or study purposes.
  • Cultural experience : Germany offers a rich cultural landscape, high quality of life, and relatively moderate living costs compared to other developed countries.

In short, Germany provides an ideal environment for pursuing a PhD, combining academic excellence, affordability, strong funding support, and promising career prospects in both academia and industry.

phd in germany in vlsi

What is it like to study and live in Germany as a research student?

Academic environment.

The research culture in Germany places a strong emphasis on independent research and critical thinking, with high expectations for original contributions to your field. Students regularly participate in seminars and colloquia to present and discuss their ongoing research. Supervision tends to be less structured than in some other countries, with regular meetings with supervisors but an expectation that students will take significant initiative in their work. Being part of a research group often offers additional opportunities for collaboration.

German universities are well-equipped with extensive digital resources and state-of-the-art laboratories. Students also have numerous opportunities to attend and present at international conferences. While many PhD programs, especially in STEM fields, are conducted in English, learning German can greatly enhance your overall experience and career prospects.

Day-to-Day Life

Germany is known for valuing a healthy work-life balance. PhD students typically work 38-40 hours per week and enjoy generous vacation time, usually around 30 days per year. Most PhD students live in shared apartments (WGs) or student dormitories, with rent in major cities ranging from €300 to €800 per month. The country boasts excellent public transportation systems, and many students use bicycles for daily commuting. Often, a student ID includes a public transport ticket for the local area.

The social life for students in Germany is vibrant, with active student communities organising regular events and activities. There are numerous opportunities to join sports clubs, cultural groups, and student organisations, along with international student networks that offer support and socialising opportunities.

Financial Aspects

Many PhD positions in Germany are funded, providing a salary rather than requiring tuition payments. Typical monthly salaries range from €1,500 to €2,500 before taxes. Additional funding opportunities are available through scholarships and research grants. Average monthly expenses, including rent, range from €850 to €1,000, and health insurance, which is mandatory, costs around €80 to €100 per month. Students can also take advantage of various discounts for cultural activities and museums.

Support Services

German universities offer robust support services for abroad students. International offices assist with visa processes, accommodation, and integration, providing orientation programs and language courses. Career services offer guidance on job searching and career development, organising career fairs and networking events. Mental health support and counseling services are also available, ensuring access to quality healthcare through the German health insurance system.

Challenges and Opportunities

While navigating German bureaucracy can be challenging, patience and attention to detail can help manage administrative processes. Initial culture shock is common but typically subsides over time, offering the opportunity to experience German culture and traditions firsthand. Building an international network of researchers and professionals is a significant benefit, with potential collaborations with industry partners. The strong job market for PhD graduates, especially in STEM fields, is an added advantage, and the option to stay in Germany for job searching after graduation (with an 18-month visa extension) provides further opportunities.

The Two Paths to a PhD in Germany

In Germany, doctoral candidates can choose between Individual Doctorates and Structured PhD Programs. The Individual Doctorate remains the most common path, chosen by over 75% of doctoral students, while Structured PhD Programs are gaining popularity, especially among international students, with about 25% opting for this route.

Individual Doctorates: Flexibility and Independence

Supervision and Structure : Individual Doctorates are characterised by their flexibility and self-directed nature. Candidates are supervised by a single professor, known as the Doktorvater or Doktormutter, and the research process is highly flexible. This approach demands a high degree of personal initiative and responsibility, with no fixed curriculum or mandatory coursework.

Research Focus and Duration : In this model, candidates often propose their own research topics, enjoying greater freedom in choosing their research direction and methodology. The duration of an Individual Doctorate typically spans 5-6 years, though there’s no strict timeframe as it depends on individual progress and the specific research project.

Funding and Employment : Individual Doctorate candidates often work as part-time research associates at universities. However, they may need to secure their own funding or scholarships, which requires proactive effort on the part of the doctoral student.

Structured PhD Programs: Guidance and Collaborative Learning

Supervision and Structure : Structured PhD Programs offer a more defined approach to doctoral studies. Candidates are supervised by a team of advisors and follow a predefined curriculum. This model includes regular progress checks, guidance, and mandatory coursework, seminars, and colloquia.

Research Focus and Duration : Research topics in Structured PhD Programs often align with existing program themes or research groups, and candidates may be part of larger research projects or collaborations. These programs are usually completed in 3-4 years, following a more defined timeline due to their structured nature.

Funding and Additional Benefits : Structured PhD Programs often come with funding or stipends and may offer more opportunities for paid doctoral positions. They also provide training in academic and scientific methods, as well as opportunities to develop soft skills such as presentation techniques.

Comparing the Two Approaches

International Orientation : While Individual Doctorates can be conducted in German or other languages depending on the field and supervisor, Structured PhD Programs often have a strong international orientation and frequently use English as the primary language.

Networking and Collaboration : Structured PhD Programs offer extensive opportunities to broaden research networks and encourage collaboration with peers and interdisciplinary work. In contrast, networking in Individual Doctorates depends largely on individual initiative, with fewer built-in opportunities for peer collaboration.

Entry Requirements for undertaking a PhD in Germany

The entry requirements for undertaking a PhD in Germany are generally similar for both home and international students, with some additional steps for international applicants.

Here are the specific requirements:

General Requirements for All Applicants

  • A master’s degree or equivalent (e.g., German Staatsexamen) in a relevant field
  • Strong academic record, typically with a GPA of 3.0 or higher
  • Research Proposal : A detailed outline of your intended research topic , objectives, methodology, and significance
  • Curriculum Vitae (CV) : Highlighting academic achievements, research experience, publications, and relevant qualifications
  • Statement of Purpose : Explaining your motivation for pursuing a PhD , academic goals, and how the program aligns with your objectives
  • Academic References : Letters of recommendation or contact information for professors/advisors who can attest to your academic abilities
  • Master’s Thesis : A copy of your master’s thesis or equivalent research work
  • For German-taught programs: TestDaF or DSH certificates
  • For English-taught programs: TOEFL or IELTS scores
  • Interview : Many programs include an interview stage

Additional Requirements for International Students

  • Qualification Recognition : Ensure your foreign degree is recognised in Germany. You may need to submit your credentials to uni-assist for evaluation
  • Visa Application : Apply for a student visa at the German embassy in your home country
  • Health Insurance : Obtain valid health insurance coverage for Germany
  • Residence Permit : Apply for a residence permit for study upon arrival in Germany

Application process for applying to a PhD in Germany

The application process for a PhD degree in Germany can vary depending on whether you’re pursuing an individual doctorate or a structured PhD program, and whether you’re a home or international student.

Here are the key steps and requirements:

General Application Process

  • Choose your path : Decide between an individual doctorate (traditional route) or a structured PhD program.
  • A master’s degree or equivalent in a relevant field
  • Strong academic record (typically a GPA of 3.0 or higher)
  • Proficiency in English and/or German, depending on the program
  • For individual doctorates, contact potential supervisors directly
  • For structured programs, search for openings at universities or research institutions
  • Curriculum vitae (CV)
  • Copy of your master’s degree certificate
  • Master’s thesis (or a copy)
  • Research proposal
  • Statement of purpose
  • Academic references
  • Language proficiency certificates (e.g., TestDaF, DSH for German; TOEFL, IELTS for English)
  • Follow the specific guidelines of the university or program
  • Applications may be submitted online or by post
  • Many programs, especially structured ones, include an interview stage
  • This may be in person or via video conference

Considerations for International Students

International students face some additional steps and requirements:

  • Qualification recognition : Ensure your foreign degree is recognised in Germany. You may need to submit your credentials to uni-assist for evaluation.
  • Provide proof of German proficiency (TestDaF or DSH) for German-taught programs
  • For English-taught programs, submit TOEFL or IELTS scores
  • Apply for a student visa at the German embassy in your home country
  • You’ll need an admission letter from a German university
  • Health insurance : Obtain valid health insurance coverage for Germany
  • Residence permit : Apply for a residence permit for study purposes upon arrival in Germany. This typically lasts for two years and is extendable.

Application Process for Structured PhD Programs

Structured programs often have a more formalised application process:

  • Check for specific application deadlines, which may occur once or twice a year
  • Submit initial application materials online
  • Visits to the institution
  • Meetings with potential supervisors and current students
  • A short presentation of your previous research
  • A panel interview

Application Process for Individual Doctorates

For individual doctorates, the process is more flexible:

  • Identify a potential supervisor whose research aligns with your interests
  • Contact the professor directly with a brief inquiry
  • If the professor expresses interest, submit a full application including your research proposal
  • The professor may invite you for an interview or further discussion
  • If accepted, you’ll need to formally enroll at the university

Remember that the specific requirements and processes can vary between universities and programs. Always check the official website of the institution you’re applying to for the most up-to-date and accurate information.

PhD in Germany

Typical Cost of a PhD in Germany

The costs of pursuing a PhD in Germany are generally similar for both home and international students, with a few key differences:

Tuition Fees

  • Most public universities in Germany charge no tuition fees for PhD students, regardless of nationality
  • There is a small semester contribution (administrative fee) of up to €300 per semester for all students, which typically covers student services and public transport

Living Costs

  • The average annual living costs in Germany range from €10,200 to €12,000
  • This includes rent, food, health insurance, and other daily expenses
  • Costs can be higher in major cities like Munich or Berlin

Breakdown of Monthly Expenses (approximate)

  • Rent: €280-€400 (shared flat or student residence)
  • Health insurance: €80-€100
  • Public transport: Often included in semester contribution
  • Other expenses (phone, internet, leisure): €100-€200

Visa for International Students

  • Non-EU students must prove they have access to about €11,208 per year (€934 per month) to cover living costs as part of their visa application.
  • Visa application fee: approximately €75

Health Insurance

  • Mandatory for all students, including PhD candidates
  • Costs around €80-€100 per month
  • EU students may be covered by their home country’s insurance through agreements

Additional Costs

  • Research-related expenses (e.g., conference attendance, materials) are often covered by the research group or university
  • Language courses (if needed): €200-€500 per course

In short, the main costs for PhD students in Germany are living expenses, as tuition is generally free. The overall experience is affordable compared to many other countries, especially considering the lack of tuition fees. International students should factor in additional costs for visa applications and potentially language courses. However, with many funded positions available, pursuing a PhD in Germany can be financially viable for both home and international students.

Research Grants

Funding Sources for PhD students in Germany

Many PhD positions in Germany are funded, offering a salary (of typically €1,500-€2,500 per month before taxes) rather than requiring payment of fees.

The main funding sources and opportunities for PhD students in Germany include:

  • Doctoral Programmes in Germany: Supports international PhD students to complete their doctoral degree at a German university or research institution. Provides monthly payments of 1,300 euros, health insurance, travel allowance, and annual research allowance.
  • One-Year Grants: For international doctoral candidates to carry out research as part of a doctoral project for up to one year.
  • Bi-nationally Supervised Doctoral Degrees/Cotutelle: Supports doctoral degrees at the student’s home university with integrated research phases in Germany.
  • Research Training Groups: Established by universities to promote early career researchers. Funded for up to 9 years, providing structured training and qualification programs.
  • Collaborative Research Centres: Offer opportunities for PhD students to pursue research across disciplines and institutions.
  • Individual Doctoral Projects at Max Planck Institutes
  • International Max Planck Research Schools ( IMPRS ): Structured PhD programs at 68 locations
  • Max Planck Schools: Joint graduate programs in specific interdisciplinary fields
  • Individual Doctoral Projects at Leibniz Institutes
  • Leibniz Graduate Schools and Leibniz ScienceCampi: Structured doctoral programs
  • Individual Doctoral Projects at Fraunhofer Institutes: Opportunity to complete a doctorate while working on cutting-edge technology projects
  • DLR-DAAD Research Fellowships: For PhD students in fields like space, aeronautics, energy, and transport
  • PhD Fellowships: For early career researchers in basic biomedical research
  • Travel Grants: For PhD students and postdoctoral researchers
  • Marie Skłodowska-Curie Doctoral Networks: Structured doctoral training within European institution networks
  • ERA Fellowships – Green Hydrogen: Funding for research projects in green hydrogen
  • Green Talents: Competition winners can complete a research stay at a German institution
  • Munich Aerospace PhD Scholarships: For research in aerospace-related fields
  • Many PhD positions are offered directly by universities and research institutes, often tied to specific research projects or programs
  • These typically provide a salary (often around 1,500-2,500 euros per month before taxes) rather than requiring payment of fees

Top Universities in Germany for PhD study

As of 2024, the top universities in Germany for PhD study in STEM subjects include:

Technical University of Munich (TUM)

  • Ranked as the best university in Germany for engineering and technology
  • Offers structured PhD programs through the TUM Graduate School
  • Known for excellence in research and strong industry connections
  • Provides interdisciplinary training and professional skills development for doctoral candidates

Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin)

  • Ranked 2nd in Germany for engineering and technology
  • Offers doctorates across various STEM fields through its Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
  • Provides structured support for international doctoral candidates
  • Known for interdisciplinary research and collaboration

Technische Universität Berlin, TUB, Hauptgebäude

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

  • Ranked 3rd in Germany for engineering and technology
  • Strong focus on energy, mobility, and information technologies
  • Offers both individual and structured doctoral programs
  • Emphasises international collaboration and industry partnerships

RWTH Aachen University

  • Ranked 4th in Germany for engineering and technology
  • Considers doctoral studies as the first part of professional practice, with an application-oriented focus
  • Offers both individual doctorates and structured PhD programs
  • Strong emphasis on industry partnerships and applied research

Technical University of Dresden

  • Ranked 5th in Germany for engineering and technology
  • Known for its research in microelectronics, materials science, and bioengineering
  • Offers structured PhD programs and graduate schools
  • Strong focus on interdisciplinary research and innovation

Technical University of Dresden

When choosing a university for PhD study, prospective students should consider factors such as:

  • Specific research areas and expertise of potential supervisors
  • Availability of funding or paid positions (many PhD students in Germany work as research assistants)
  • Language requirements (some programs require German proficiency, while others are conducted in English)
  • Opportunities for international collaboration and research stays abroad
  • Post-graduation career prospects and industry connections

Prospective PhD candidates should thoroughly research potential supervisors and reach out to them directly to discuss research opportunities before applying to a program.

Your journey to  PhD study  in Germany awaits. With its exceptional research landscape, structured programs taught in English, and excellent  funding opportunities , Germany offers a unique experience for international students.

Enjoy the benefits of no tuition fees, low living costs, and a safe, culturally rich environment.

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PhD Studies

Planning your phd, eligibility and application, german or english medium, living as a student, working in germany, get guidance.

With a long tradition of research and ground breaking discoveries, Germany is indeed a land of innovation and progress. Besides giving your ideas a research-based boost, Germany also offers promising career opportunities along with a vibrant social and cultural milieu. So like for many other international students, it can be the right place to pursue a doctoral degree for you too!

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Starting your doctoral studies is a big step in your academic life. Along with identifying your research area you also have to plan where and in which institute you want to pursue your PhD.

Where does research take place in Germany?

Contemplating pursuing a PhD in Germany?  There are a number of universities, research institutions and business houses that will welcome you. So getting an insight into the research landscape of the country is of paramount importance!

phd in germany in vlsi

Research is extensively carried out by and through universities, research organisations and the industry. These three are famously known as the three pillars of research in Germany.

You can take a closer look at this on  Research in Germany .

Which universities should I look at for PhD?

There are various kinds of institutions of higher education in Germany. A majority of these belong to either of the following categories:

phd in germany in vlsi

Universities and Universities of Technology (TU), are research-oriented and offer a wide variety of subjects. These are the only establishments that can award a PhD degree.

In case you are carrying out your PhD at a research organisation/ University of Applied Sciences, it will always be through a partner university/TU that you will get your degree. Therefore it is important that you fulfill the eligibility criteria of the university/TU as well.

Before you finalise a university or a research institution make sure to check out their websites to know what kind of research is already going on there.

Which is the best university in Germany?

There is no “best university”, neither in one subject and certainly not across all subjects.

phd in germany in vlsi

DAAD India CHE Ranking

Germany offers a multidimensional ranking, considering various criteria that are important from a student’s perspective. For example, student and staff judgments on quality of teaching, atmosphere at the university, library and other equipment, student numbers, average study duration, number of graduations, third party funding etc. This way you get a detailed picture of the strengths and weaknesses of each university on university-ranking.de . Here you can find your programme by selecting a subject, a university or even a city in Germany!

As a researcher you should also take the research rankings  into consideration. The criteria for such rankings could be research infrastructure, citations, patents, publications and student reviews, to name a few.

If you have set your mind on a PhD in Germany, you can consider two approaches: the traditional approach i.e. individual doctorate and the structured doctoral programmes.

phd in germany in vlsi

Individual doctoral studies involve identifying a supervisor ( Doktorvater / Doktormutter ) at a German university who is willing to guide your research. This system offers a lot of freedom, and calls for a great deal of personal initiative right from identifying a topic in your research field. This kind of doctorate takes about 3-5 years to complete.

Structured PhD programmes  are internationally oriented, conducted largely in English and are comparable to PhD programmes offered in English-speaking countries. Here supervision is carried out by several university teachers. These programmes lead to a PhD in about three years.

What if I want to do a part of my PhD research in Germany?

The research Grant: Bi-nationally Supervised Doctoral Degrees / Cotutelle which is also famously known as DAAD Sandwich Scholarship lets you complete your PhD in two countries. The first country being your home country where you are registered as a doctoral student and the second country is but naturally Germany.

You are supervised at your home university as well as at the host institute in Germany. Your doctoral degree is awarded by the home institution. This is the well known “sandwich model”.

While generally as a Master degree holder you will have ticked off the first major requirement, it is always a good idea to check if the university’s requirements and your qualifications match. And then you can start with the application procedure.

Am I eligible to apply for a PhD?

In Germany, every university is autonomous. This means that every university/ study programme has its own set of criteria for admitting students. So please check the university website, and specifically the programme you are interested in. Here you will find the exact admission requirements.

However, some generalisation is  possible. As a Master degree holder from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal or Sri Lanka your degree is treated at par with a German Master degree. In some cases, further assessment of eligibility will be required. Do clarify the matter of eligibility with the university or the research organisation of your choice before you send in your application.

Some universities may ask for the proof of your English language proficiency in form of TOEFL or IELTS scores. Some universities may ask for good German language skills depending upon subject of your research. In such cases, your knowledge of German needs to be certified through examinations like the TestDaF  or DSH.

How do I go about applying for a PhD?

  • PhD Germany   – A portal where German universities advertise openings for doctoral positions
  • An interactive database of  Graduate Schools at German universities
  • Research Training Groups  coordinated by the German Research Foundation (DFG)
  • International Max Planck Research Schools (IMPRS) Academicians from your country who have collaborations with German academicians or your seniors who might be carrying out research in Germany can be a great source of information too!
  • Contact and convince a supervisor. Make sure that you approach a potential supervisor the right way and in good time – a brief and well-structured communication with an overview of your research proposal and relevant information about yourself is more likely to get you the right kind of response than a simple email stating that you are interested in doing a PhD!
  • Communicate information about your background, academic performance and academic goals.
  • Get a letter of acceptance from your supervisor.
  • Identify a programme. Contact the selected university. This will be your most important source of information as far as exact details about eligibility, programme structure, fee, application procedure etc. are concerned.
  • Check the application deadline for the programme chosen!
  • Application forms and other relevant material can be downloaded from the respective university website.
  • Send the application packet.
  • Get a confirmation of admission.
  • The Admission procedures vary for different universities and for different programmes.
  • Check about these with the university of your choice or your supervisor.
  • Make sure you have a valid passport!
  • Apply for a student visa as soon as you have the admission letter, as the procedure can take 8 to 12 weeks. The German Embassy and the Consulates require proof of funding for the first year of studies. At this stage make sure if you need to get the APS certificate ( www.aps-india.de ) that some universities/host professors may insist upon. To find out where you should apply for a visa, visit the website of the Germany Embassy in your country.
  • Apply for a place in a hostel. In some cases the International Office ( Akademisches Auslandsamt ) of the university will help you.
  • Arrive in Germany at least a week before your course begins.
  • Contact the International Office ( Akademisches Auslandsamt ) of your university for guidance.
  • Step 6 Get your residence permit within the first three months of your stay in Germany from the Foreigners’ Registration Office ( Ausländeramt ).

Germany offers education in German as well as in English. Different subject fields can have different language requirements.

Can I do my PhD completely in English medium?

Germany offers close to 200 structured international programmes with English as the sole or primary medium of instruction. These programmes are called International Programmes.

Few of these programmes may require students to have learnt/learn some German language during their PhD.

As you have already seen, Germany offers numerous PhD programmes with English as the sole or primary medium of instruction and the language for your thesis. English is also accepted as a language of research and education in Germany.

However, some universities/ subject fields may expect you to have German language proficiency for your PhD.

As a student in Germany, your life will not be limited to the university campus. You will surely want to interact with people, travel through the country-side and make the best of your time there. This is where knowledge of German will present a great advantage!

Universities offer beginner and well as advanced level courses where you can learn German. You can also start learning the language while you are still in your home country at a  Goethe-Institut (Max Mueller Bhavan) / Goethe-Zentrum.

Do I require to learn German for DAAD scholarship?

To apply for the DAAD PhD scholarship knowledge of the German language is not mandatory. However, after getting the scholarship you will be expected to complete a DAAD sponsored German course. This will help you with your life Germany.

While in a foreign country being able to manage your finances on your own is very important. You would need to plan your budget by keeping your living expenses, travel costs and tuition fees if any in mind.

What kind of budget should I have in my mind?

Fees: As a PhD scholar in Germany, you are exempted from tuition fees. You will need to pay a semester contribution of around Euro 300, depending upon the university and the services or benefits provided.

Living costs : Apart from the tuition fees, if any,  you will require about EUR 934 per month for subsistence i.e. housing, food, clothing, study material and other expenses such as health insurance and leisure activities. The precise split up for this amount will be updated soon. The amounts can vary from city to city, and of course from lifestyle to lifestyle!

The following table shows the split up at the time of the last budget indicated in 2019.

Rent and utilities EUR 332
Food and Drink EUR 154
Clothing EUR 48
Learning Materials EUR 24
Car and Public Transportation EUR 116
Health Insurance, Medical Costs, Medicine EUR 96
Telephone, Internet, TV EUR 32
Recreation, Culture, Sports EUR 66

Source: German Student Union (Deutsches Studentenwerk), 2019 

If you are participating in a structured doctoral programme and doing your doctorate at a graduate school, research centre or research training group, the issue of funding is usually resolved with you either working as a research assistant or receiving a scholarship of about EUR 1,000 per month.

If you are pursuing your doctorate on the basis of the traditional approach, you can apply for a job as a research assistant, if there is vacancy.

Working as a research/doctoral assistant involves collaboration in research/teaching and doing administrative work in addition to completing the dissertation. Non-university research institutions like Fraunhofer Institutes and also some companies offer doctoral candidates employment and / or fund their doctoral dissertations.

The DAAD offers the most extensive scholarship programme.  Also a number of foundations support international candidates approved for the doctoral process. A database of scholarships offered by various German organisations can be found at  www.funding-guide.de .

What is a DAAD PhD scholarship like and how can I apply for it?

If you are a well-motivated researcher with high-calibre this research grant supports your complete doctoral studies in Germany. In general the duration of your PhD should not exceed more than four years.

If you have already registered for PhD in your home country and would like to carry out a part of the research in Germany, you may consider applying for Bi-nationally Supervised Doctoral Degrees / Cotutelle scholarship of the DAAD .

An independent selection committee consisting of specialist scientists reviews your applications, wherein your academic qualification, quality of your research project is checked along with your career prospects, motivation and extra curricular activities including your civic engagement.

If you want to do your full PhD in Germany DAAD PhD Scholarship would be more relevant for you. The application deadline is 20 October every year. This is for scholarship starting from October of the following year.

Here is a step-by-step guideline for your application process:

  • Collect general information about the DAAD PhD scholarship.
  • Thoroughly check the eligibility criteria.
  • Attend information sessions or internet-based seminars (webinars) organised by the DAAD.
  • Once you have the letter of acceptance from your supervisor/admission letter from your university, complete the application procedure as specified in the scholarship announcement.
  • The application deadline typically falls in the month of October the current year for a PhD beginning in the next year.
  • Shortlisted applicants from India will be invited for a personal interview around January-February. For Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka the procedure will be announced closer to the date of interviews.
  • The final decision will be announced for applicants from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka around mid or end of April of the following year.
  • Step 4 Once selected, you will have to attend a mandatory German language course, which is a necessary and important part of your scholarship.
  • Step 5 After the successful completion of your language course in Germany, your PhD will begin in October.

Living on your own comes with lots of responsibilities, at the same time it can also be very  interesting. It starts with finding a place to stay, learning how to cook, shopping on a budget, making friends and connections. Hope this section helps you with some of your questions.

How do I find accommodation?

Germany offers various types of accommodations:

  • Students hall of residence:  Here you can rent rooms provided by  Student Services Organisation ( Studentenwerk ). They are low in cost and preferred by many students. Studentenwerk also provides specially designed Service Kits for international students. Get in touch with Studentenwerk of your city know more.
  • Shared Flats ( Wohngemeinschaft – WG) : Shared flat or WG is another affordable accommodation, where you have your own room in a flat and share the kitchen and the bathroom with other flatmates. Living in a shared flat is cheaper as the rent and other expenses  get shared. You can find advertisements for vacancies in WGs online on social media groups or on student-friendly websites.
  • Private apartments:  If you prefer living alone, private apartments can be an option for you.  You can find them with the help of Studentenwerk, on boards in the university foyer or even on social media groups and websites for rental real estate.

Make sure to be on the lookout from early on, so that you find the best place at an affordable price.

How do I connect with other students?

Connecting with other students can help you to learn from their experience. It may also help you get acquainted with the lifestyle, once you are in Germany.

  • Get in touch with  DAAD Young Ambassadors . They have studied or carried out their research in Germany. Contact them with your questions, they will be happy to guide you!
  • You can also find out about various student associations and groups formed by students of your country/ region.
  • You can contact students on various socials media platforms as well. There are groups based on nationalities or interests and activities.
  • Many universities arrange introductory events. Ask the international office of your university about them. Research institutions too generally run such initiatives.

You can of course work in Germany as long as you follow the regulations, which are not complex and are easy to understand.

As an international student, you are permitted to work for 120 full days or 240 half days in a year. This will help you in getting a bit of extra pocket-money!OK

phd in germany in vlsi

Can I work in Germany after my studies?

After completing your degree in Germany, you can choose from amongst a wide range of options:

phd in germany in vlsi

You can stay on in the country for up to 1.5 years to look for a job that is in keeping with your education. Once you find a job, the residence permit issued to you for the purpose of studying, can be converted into a residence permit for taking gainful employment.

Germany has always had a very strong industry-academia linkage. A lot of scientific research is funded by the industry as well. During your studies you can get the opportunity to do internships with German companies, which can open new vistas for your professional career.

In Germany, a doctorate is a prerequisite for a career in research or higher education. Your options include:

  • Teaching/Research Assistantships
  • Postdoc Positions
  • Research Positions in Industry

The portal  www.academics.com has Germany’s biggest online job market for researchers. There are also scholarships for Postdocs offered by the  Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation  and other organizations.

Whether you are in India, Nepal or Bhutan, the DAAD is there to help you with your study in Germany plans. Check out how you can reach us!

Individual Appointments

You can connect with the DAAD offices online or offline in Bengaluru ,  Chennai ,  New Delhi  and  Pune .

Information Sessions

The DAAD offers free of cost information session about studying in Germany regularly. Check which dates and topics suit you, register and join!

Click here for dates, timings and registration links: www.daad.in/events .

Take a look at the DAAD’s guidelines for writing research proposal

Research Proposal writing: Guidelines 2023

PhD Proposal Writing Workshop

Wondering how to write a PhD proposal? The DAAD offers PhD Proposal Writing Workshop on various topics for aspirants who intend to pursue their doctorate in Germany!

© DAAD India

  • Did you find the information about  doctoral studies in Germany useful? Keep the digital  PhD brochure with you, so that it is all handy!
  • You will also find the digital brochure Research Proposal Guidelines 2023 useful.
  • There is comfort  and certainty in numbers. With the fact sheet Germany India 2022 you can check out actual number of Indian students, what fields they are opting for and which universities they have preferred.

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Students with Mortarboard

PhD positions at the International Max Planck Research School for Living Matter Full PhD

Working language.

17 Oct 2024

Application Deadline

01 apr 2025.

Starting Date

Open Positions

01 Apr 2025 for 3 years

Type of Position

Required degree, areas of study.

Biochemistry, Biology, Biophysics, Molecular Biology, Chemistry, Bioinformatics, Nanotechnology, Nanomaterials, Physics, Experimental Physics, Human Biology, Biomedicine

Description

Application Deadline: October 17th 2024

Are you eager to join an international community of scientists to tackle novel and exciting research projects in the areas of biochemistry , structural biology , biophysics , cell biology , chemical biology and synthetic biology ?

The  International Max Planck Research School for Living Matter: from molecules to dynamics (IMPRS-LM) is a joint PhD program between the  Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology ,   the  TU Dortmund University , the  Ruhr University of Bochum , and the  University of Duisburg-Essen , located in the vibrant and multicultural Ruhr Metropolitan Area in Germany.

The IMPRS-LM brings together scientists with different backgrounds to investigate one of the most fundamental questions in biology: how do cells turn complex biochemical signals into meaningful responses? Cells must respond to a vast array of stimuli, but how do they build these responses, how do macromolecular complexes operate to determining cellular behaviour? By understanding these complex processes, we can gain insights into the intricate mechanisms that govern life itself.

The IMPRS-LM provides a unique graduate training program that equips students with the skills and knowledge to address complex questions in cellular biology. Through a comprehensive interdisciplinary curriculum, research opportunities, and mentorship, our program enables students to pursue their graduate studies and become innovative and independent researchers.

As a PhD student, you will benefit from:

• Fully-funded PhD positions (work contracts with social benefits)

• Dedicated mentors to guide and promote your career

• An international and exciting working atmosphere

• State-of-the-art research facilities

• An English-speaking training program, including lectures, advanced scientific workshops, transferable skill courses, and career development activities

To apply, candidates should hold (or expect to hold prior to the start of their PhD) a M.Sc. (or an equivalent degree) in Biology, Biochemistry, Life Science, (Bio-)Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science, or related fields.

Visit the  IMPRS-LM website for more information about the program, the application process, and the  list of research group leaders currently offering positions.

The Max Planck Society is committed to fostering a diverse and inclusive workplace, providing equal opportunities to all employees, irrespective of gender, nationality, disabilities, religious or sexual orientation. We strongly encourage applications from underrepresented groups.

Required Documents

  • Motivation letter
  • Certificates
  • Transcripts

Application

https://www.imprs-lm.mpg.de/index.php/join

Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst e.V. Kennedyallee 50 53175 Bonn

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  • Advanced FPGA-Design
  • Application-Specific Instruction-Set Processors (ASIP)
  • Memory Systems
  • Hardware-Praktikum

VLSI-Design

  • Hardware-Software-Systems
  • Verification, Validation and Testing of ASIC Designs

Organization

  • This course will be held in English.
  • This course is intended for master's students.
  • The lecture is held by Prof. Dr. Guillermo Payá Vayá . The exercise is supervised by the research assistants.
  • Entry in the official course directory
  • Tuesday: 13:15 to 14:45 (Lecture), 15:00 to 16:30 (Exercise)

Description

This lecture deals with the design of digital circuits in CMOS technology. The students learn alternative techniques for the realization of basic circuits as well as their manufacturing and design process. By using practical examples, various forms of implementation of integrated circuits are discussed and current challenges of today's chip development in modern semiconductor technologies are presented. After completing the module, students are able to independently design VLSI chips.

Introduction to VLSI Design

Fundamentals of CMOS Transistors

Fabrication and Layout of CMOS Integrated Circuits

CMOS Circuits (Combinational and Sequential Logic Circuits)

Design Methodologies

Issues in Chip Design

Examination

  • The examination will be an oral examination. Dates will be announced in the course during the semester.

D. Harris, N. Weste: "CMOS VLSI Design.", Pearson Education, Inc (2010).

H. Veendrick: "Nanometer CMOS ICs ", Springer, 2007

Y. Taur, T. Ning: "Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices", Cambridge University Press, 1998

J.M. Rabaey, A. P. Chandrakasan, and B. Nikolić; “Digital Integrated Circuits: a Design Perspective”. Vol. 7. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2003.

J. Uyemura: "CMOS Logic Circuit Design", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999

K. Reifschneider: "CAE-gestützte IC-Entwurfsmethoden", Prentice Hall, 1998

K. Itoh: "VLSI Memory Chip Design", Springer, 2001

D. Jansen: "Handbuch der Electronic Design Automation", Carl Hanser Verlag, 2002

R. J. Baker, H. W. Li, D. E. Byce: "CMOS Circuit Design. Layout, and Simulation", IEEE Press 1998

R. Hunter, T. Johnson: "VHDL", Springer, 2007

D. Perry: "VHDL", McGraw-Hill, 1998

P. Ashenden: "The Designers Guide to VHDL", Morgan Kaufmann, 2002

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A doctorate is the highest academic degree that a university can award. In Germany, studying for a doctorate primarily means  working intensely on a specific subject or research project  for a long period of time. It typically takes five to six years to obtain a doctorate, though the length of time can vary.

How to obtain a PhD in Germany

If you decide to do a doctorate, you can choose between different forms of study. Depending on your discipline, research area, personal circumstances and formal qualifications, there are two different paths:

  • Individual doctorate The individual doctorate is based on independent research carried out alone under the supervision of one professor. This is the traditional path followed by over three quarters of all doctoral students in Germany.
  • Structured PhD programmes These programmes offer a form of study similar to that found in English-speaking countries. You will be supervised by a team and will attend courses, lectures and seminars together with other doctoral students. Normally, such programmes are publicly advertised and often feature grants or paid doctoral positions.

Individual doctorate

Two researchers are sitting in comfortable chairs and are discussing a book.

DAAD/Jan Zappner

The "traditional" or "individual" path to a PhD remains the  most common in Germany. An individual doctorate involves a thesis or dissertation that is produced under the  supervision of one professor .

This form of PhD study offers a great deal of  flexibility , but also demands a  high degree of personal initiative and responsibility . A professor supervises a PhD student, who works on his or her subject in consultation with the professor, but  largely independently .

How long a traditional individual doctorate takes depends on your own time schedule – or on the duration of your work contract. On average, you can expect it to take five to six years . Although a university is normally responsible for the doctoral process, you can also carry out your research at other institutions.

Depending on your subject, research area and interests, you can choose whether to work on a research project and your PhD at a university or non-university research institute – or indeed in industry. However, no matter where you conduct your research, a professor will always supervise your PhD.

You can obtain a doctorate by pursuing research:

  • at a university
  • at a non-university research institute or
  • in a German company

PhD at a university

The "typical" PhD student in Germany works – usually part-time – as a  research associate  at his or her university. Although research is generally part of the job description, most of the associate’s own doctoral research usually has to be carried out outside working hours. How closely teaching, research and/or administrative duties are actually tied into the doctoral student’s own research depends very much on the individual situation.

PhD at a non-university research institute

Non-university research establishments – such as the  Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft ,  Helmholtz Association ,  Leibniz Association  and  Max Planck Society  – offer an excellent research environment in which to conduct your research. These institutions do not have the right to award doctorates themselves, but collaborate with universities for that purpose. They offer PhD students  scholarships and/or (usually fixed-term) contracts of employment  – or a combination of the two. However, support is also possible in the form of regular research posts, which are especially typical of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and the Max Planck Society.

PhD in industry

Graduates who decide to work in industry and study for a doctorate part-time – often with funding and support from their employer – also need a university professor to supervise their research. In some cases, the employer will already be collaborating with a university or research institute and can help the PhD student find the right supervisor.

People who have PhD research posts within a company usually have part-time temporary contracts and work on a research project that allows them to pursue their doctoral research under the supervision of a professor. When a university and an industrial company collaborate in specially established institutes, doctoral researchers usually work on their projects with their professor and a supervisor from the company.

More information:

Find your individual doctorate 

The traditional individual path to a doctorate remains the most common in Germany. In this case, the doctoral student works for the most part independently on their thesis, though in consultation with their supervising professor.

Structured PhD programmes

Three researchers are standing at a whiteboard and are looking towards the camera laughing. The one in the middle holds a pen in her hand holding it near the whiteboard as if she was interrupted in writing something on it.

DAAD/Volker Lannert

Structured doctoral programmes often have a  strong international orientation  with English as the team language. Unlike the individual doctorate model that can be freely structured to suit the individual research project, here doctoral students and their research proposals have to fit in with an existing PhD programme.

The doctorate frequently entails a  clearly structured doctoral study   programme  with compulsory attendance at lectures or seminars and interim assessment (credit points). The programme frequently also covers  academic and scientific methods or soft skills , such as presentation techniques.

As a rule, PhD Students work steadily at realising their research project within the team and with intensive  support from a group of academic staff  (often referred to as the “thesis committee”).

The duration of your studies is generally   limited to three to five years, and there is usually a fixed curriculum within which you work toward your doctorate and write your thesis.

Find your structured PhD programme

Though no database containing all structured PhD programmes in Germany is available yet, we can point you in the direction of databases that will help you find what you are looking for nonetheless, where to obtain information about eligibility requirements and how to apply.

The cover of the brochure "Doing a PhD in Germany". It depicts a graduation cap and a diploma. On the bottom left there is the logo of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. On the bottom right is the logo of "Research in Germany"

Check out our brochure:

Doing a phd in germany (2019, 40 pages).

This booklet for (prospective) international doctoral students presents the different options for doing a doctorate in Germany. It explains the formal requirements and gives some practical advice on finding the right supervisor or doctoral programme. It also outlines different sponsorship and funding options.

Phd-Study-In-Germany

  • Top Universities for PhD Study in Germany – 2024

Written by Marcus Holt

Germany is home to 520 higher education institutions. Not all of them award PhDs, but those that do are renowned for generating highly trained researchers! The institutions offering doctorates in Germany are:

  • Research Universities ( Universität ) carry out original academic research in various subjects.
  • Technical Universities ( Technische Universität ) specialise in Science, Technology and Engineering research. However, they have recently begun to offer qualifications in other subjects including the Humanities.
  • Research Institutes carry out important research projects (including PhD work) in partnership with universities, businesses and industry. Most operate within larger networks such as the Max Planck Society.
  • Other research networks bring together expertise from different institutions for specific projects. For example, the three Max Planck Schools (separate from the Max Planck Society) focus on Cognition , Matter to Life and Photonics .

Universities in Germany can be either public or private . The vast majority (around 400) are public, educating 95% of the student body. These receive funding from one of 16 states ( lander ).

The remaining 120 private universities do not receive state funding. Many are Universities of Applied Sciences, which do not offer PhD programmes.

With a historic higher education system and many specialist research centres (and being the birthplace of the modern PhD!), it makes sense that Germany has some of the top ranked universities in the world.

Max Planck Schools

The Max Planck Schools is a network that brings together experts from different institutions to address joint research objectives. They bring together international PhD students with Germany's best scientists. Research takes place in three interdisciplinary fields: Cognition , Matter to Life and Photonics .

The Schools offer fully financed PhD positions. Candidates benefit from unique expertise, infrastructure and training opportunities.

Top 20 universities in Germany for a PhD

We’ve examined the latest international university rankings to identify some of the best universities for PhD study in Germany.

Top 20 German Universities in 2024
University THE 2024 QS 2024 ARWU 2023
Technical University of Munich 30 37 59
LMU Munich 38 54 59
47 =87 55
Humbolt University of Berlin =87 =120 -
90 120 201-300
University of Bonn 91 =239 67
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin 94 - -
=95 213 -
Free University of Berlin 102 98 -
University of Göttingen =111 232 151-200
University of Freiburg 128 =192 101-150
University of Hamburg =136 205 201-300
Technical University of Berlin =136 154 201-300
=40 119 301-400
160 =268 151-200
=161 =246 201-300
University of Würzburg =175 =440 201-300
187 =454 -
University of Erlangen-Nuremburg =193 229 201-300
University of Münster =193 =384 201-300
World University Rankings, and . Visit their websites for more information.

Note that independent research centres and schools are not usually included within rankings. This isn’t any reflection on the quality of their PhDs. It’s for the simple reason that they aren’t technically ‘universities’ and don’t teach undergraduates.

How much do rankings matter for PhD students?

Rankings can be a helpful resource for prospective PhD students, but they shouldn’t be the be-all-and-end-all of your search. We break down how the system works and how to get the best out of it in our guide to PhD rankings .

With eight universities in the 2024 Times Higher Education top 100, Germany is one of the best-ranked countries for higher education. The fact that it charges no fees for PhD study and has many English-language doctorates makes it an excellent destination for postgraduate study.

Think you’re ready to find the perfect project for you?

Search our database of PhD programmes in Germany .

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

phd in germany in vlsi

This guide tells you all about everything you need to apply for a PhD programme in Germany.

phd in germany in vlsi

There are no fees for PhD study at most German universities and funding is available from a range of government agencies, research societies and other organisations.

phd in germany in vlsi

Want to study a PhD in Ireland? This guide gives a detailed introduction to the kind of visa you need to study in Ireland and how to apply for it.

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work in Germany as a student or recent graduate in Germany.

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FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions

How much does it cost to study engineering in germany.

There are different tuition fees for engineering programs in different universities. But if we calculate it can be an average of $2,500 - $13,500. Different specializations in the field of engineering would also have different costs. So check the website of the chosen university before you apply. Accommodation can cost you around $4,000 - $12,000.

Which engineering is best in Germany?

The top engineering fields in Germany are in Information technology, automation, and mechanical engineering. The other fields such as Electrical Engineering, Financial Engineering, Data Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Chemical Engineering etc are equally popular as well.

Is Engineering free in Germany?

No, Engineering programs are not free in Germany. However, you can help yourself financially with scholarships if your budget is low. Germany offers plenty of scholarships for engineering students coming from other countries. You can check this out : Scholarships in Germany

How many years does it take to become an engineer in Germany?

The undergraduate program in the field of Engineering can take 3-4 years to complete in Germany. The study duration of a Masters Engineering degree offered by an engineering school in Germany is usually between 1-2 years.

Engineering Universities in Germany

Germany, land of the Autobahn! Filled with fast cars, powerful bikes, and incredible roads. Germany is the capital of the mechanical engineering world. This reputation is not undeserved, as some of the engineering universities of the world have made their home in Germany. Their quality is such that students from all over the world come to study automotive engineering at these colleges.

Engineering is a broad topic, with thousands of specialized subfields, each of which is valuable in the world market. The engineering universities in Germany provide top-notch education in most fields to their students. Studying in Germany is an excellent choice, as it will undoubtedly teach Indian students far more than course material.

Top 10 Engineering universities in Germany

Here are some of the best universities for engineering in Germany. These universities are not only counted as top universities in the country but also in the world.

Munich 50
Aachen 145
Karlsruhe 131
Berlin 148
Essen 751-800
Stuttgart =333
Darmstadt =267
Dresden =173
Erlangen =317
Freiburg =175

Study Engineering in Germany Requirements

Getting to study engineering in Germany requires getting into one of the engineering universities. This is not an easy process, and a variety of requirements must be met. The checklist of documents required differs according to the Engineering University in Germany and the course you select. Here’s what you would need to start applying at top engineering colleges in Germany

  • Academic transcripts of previous education
  • Grades Certificates
  •  If a student wishes to apply for a German-language course, they must submit their transcripts along with proof that they speak the language, whereas, for English language courses, TOEFL and IELTS requirements must be met. 
  • A Cover Letter
  • Proof of Health Insurance
  • Letter of Recommendation

However, due to their incredibly high quality, the top colleges in Germany are quite selective about who they give admission to. They have extremely stringent requirements, which makes them hard to get into without proper guidance. 

Duration of engineering in Germany

Engineering study in germany after 12th.

What would be better than starting an engineering program in Germany right after you have completed your 12th? You can move to Germany from your home country after the 12th to study engineering. You can start your journey in the new country by pursuing an undergraduate degree in engineering such as:

  • Bachelor of Science in Robotics and Intelligent Systems
  • BEng in Logistics
  • BEng in Mechatronics
  • BEng in Business and Engineering
  • BEng in Robotics
  • BSc Information Engineering
  • Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Top engineering courses in Germany

Regardless of the type of Engineering degree, you are interested in, it is sure that you will find your study option in one of Germany’s universities or colleges. The types of engineering courses which are more popular in Germany are:

  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Automotive Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Engineering
  • Financial Engineering
  • Data Engineering
  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Communication and Information Engineering
  • Medical Engineering
  • Mechatronics
  • Nanoengineering
  • Nuclear engineering

There are popular universities for each specialization in the engineering field in Germany. A few of them are mentioned below:

Top universities in Germany for Automobile Engineering

When discussing the automotive industry, one of the first places that springs to mind is Germany.

  • Uni Esslingen
  • RWTH Aachen

Top universities in Germany for Mechanical Engineering

Home to companies like Volkswagen, Audi, and BMW, the level of respect for mechanical engineers in Germany is extremely high.

  • Technische Universität München (TU Munich)
  • Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin)
  • Universität Freiburg
  • Technische Universität Dresden
  • Universität Duisburg-Essen
  • University of Bayreuth
  • TU Braunschweig
  • TU Dortmund

Top German Universities for Thermal Engineering

There are the best engineering colleges in Germany for Indian students and other international students in each specialization of engineering you can find for:

  • Top universities in Germany for engineering management
  • Top universities in Germany for electrical engineering
  • Top universities in Data Engineering
  • Top  universities in Germany for aerospace engineering
  • Top universities in Germany for chemical engineering
  • Top universities for Communication and Information Engineering
  • Best petroleum engineering universities in Germany

Top engineering universities in Germany in English

Many universities in Germany offer study programs for Engineering taught in English. To attract more foreign talents at a younger age in the country, it has introduced Engineering programs that are taught partially as well as entirely in the English language. Universities such as International University Bremen and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) conduct classes in English. 

You may require to prove your English language proficiency to secure admission to these universities. You can take tests such as IELTS, TOEFL, or PTE, as required by the universities. Generally, you will require an overall band of 6.5 in IELTS to get admission.

Engineering in Germany fees

If you have chosen Germany as your education destination for studying Engineering, you have made a pensive decision. Many international students move to Germany to obtain their degrees in the field of Engineering. Even Top universities offer Engineering courses in Germany at an affordable fee. Here is an overview of the average cost to study Engineering in Germany.

Tuition Fees   $2,500 - $13,500
Accomodation     $4,000 - $12,000
Supplies $3,000 - $11,000

Study engineering in Germany for free

Generally, there are no free engineering universities in Germany for international students. However, you can help yourself financially with scholarships. Germany offers plenty of scholarships for engineering students. Here is the list of few scholarships for international engineering students:

  • Dortmund University of Technology scholarships 
  • Scholarships by Ruhr University of Bochum 
  • Hamburg University of Technology scholarships 
  • University of Freiburg scholarships
  • University of Hannover scholarships 
  • TU Braunschweig scholarships 
  • University of Erlangen Nuremberg scholarships
  • University of Duisburg Essen Scholarships
  • DAAD Scholarships

Future after Engineering in Germany

With the growing popularity of the Engineering industries, there are plenty of opportunities in Germany and other parts of the world. Several students who have pursued their Engineering education in Germany have successfully achieved their dream jobs in the prestigious industries of Germany. The comprehensive course of study will prepare you for an exciting career.

Jobs after Engineering in Germany

  • Senior Engineer
  • Consultant Engineering
  • SCM specialist
  • Mechanical Design Engineer
  • Product Development Engineer
  • Process and Application Engineer
  • Software Engineer
  • Pipeline Engineer
  • Computer Hardware Engineer
  • IT Project Manager
  • Engine Manufacturing
  • Electrical Engineer

To that end, we have compiled a list of the top engineering universities in Germany, along with their requirements, cut-offs, and fees. You can refer to this list and figure out which of them will be a good fit for you.

ENGINEERING UNIVERSITIES IN GERMANY:

Mechanical Engineering Universities in Germany

Marine Engineering Universities in Germany

Computer Science Engineering Universities in Germany

Civil Engineering Universities in Germany

Chemical Engineering Universities in Germany

Information Technology Engineering Universities in Germany

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Universities in Germany

Aerospace Engineering Universities in Germany

Biomedical Engineering Universities in Germany

Top Countries to Study Engineering Abroad

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Postdoc Position – Computer Architecture/ VLSI (f/m/d) Heidelberg University is a comprehensive university with a strong focus on research at the highest international standards. With around 30,000

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6 Free Online PhD Programs in Germany (Plus Scholarships)

Even though it’s promising to further your education through PhD level – we won’t deny that it will totally boost your career and even make you an authority in your field – it doesn’t come cheap, you won’t only be sacrificing your money but also your time. Because, at this moment you probably have a family you’re responsible for, and you’re now a working adult, so no more quick conclusion.

In fact, a lot of decision goes on before anyone undertakes a Postgraduate Programme, because it may exceed the minimum time and might even hit ×2 of the years projected (depending on your research), so it won’t only cost you your time but also your money. The bright side is, that several colleges including FernUniversität in Hagen (which is the only open university in Germany) now provide some of their programs online, making it easy for anyone in any country to still partake in a Ph.D. program without travelling outside their home.

Also, FernUniversität in Hagen provides some free online PhD programs in Germany through scholarships and other financial assistance. As a scholarship or other grant, you don’t need to pay them back.

The United Kingdom and Canada also provide some free online PhD programs.

Before we list these programs, let’s briefly explain why an online PhD might be the best fit for you.

Reasons to Study Online PhD in Germany

More affordable.

First of all, the tuition of a distance learning Ph.D. program is more affordable than an on-campus degree. Then the cost of living also adds up especially if you’re an international student.

More Flexible

As now a working adult and perhaps a spouse, creating time for evening classes can be complicated and might make your life more stressful, and we believe no one wants to add more headaches to their lives. Online PhD gives you the flexibility of coming to class, performing your research and reporting back to your supervisor in your comfort zone.

Maintain Job

If you’re already working, an online Ph.D. will help you to remain on your job, unlike an on-campus Ph.D. that might require you to change your city or if possible country.

This is not to say that a campus-based PhD doesn’t come with its own perks.

free online PhD programs in Germany

Free Online PhD Programs in Germany

FernUniversität in Hagen is the online university that provides different free online Ph.D. programs in Germany, and we’ll focus on these programs. With, more than 76,000 students annually, it makes them the University with the highest number of students in Germany, and 80% of their students study through distance learning.

The University provides its free online PhD programs in Germany through both internal and external non-fundable research funding.

Some of their internal research funding includes;

  • FernUniversität research award: worth €20,000
  • Completion Scholarship Doctorate
  • Funding for female postdocs: own budget for material costs
  • Postdoctoral funding: Postdoctoral fellowship

Some of their Research funding by external third-party include;

  • Research grants from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
  • Grants from the Heinrich Hertz Foundation
  • Max Weber Foundation – German humanities institutes abroad
  • Discipline-open doctoral scholarships from gifted organizations

And many more.

Let’s now focus only on the programs FernUniversität in Hagen provides

1. Research Topics in Mathematics (English & German)

FernUniversität in Hagen provides several research topics in mathematics that you can focus on, including Discrete Mathematics and Optimization; Research in Algebra; Research in Numerical Mathematics; Applied Stochastics; Stochastics and Mathematical Physics; Applied Mathematics; Analysis.

2. Research Topics in Computer Science (English & German)

Here are some of the research topics in Computer Science FernUni offers; Software Engineering and Theory of Programming; Data Science; Cooperative Systems; Multimedia and Internet Applications; Parallelism & VLSI; Research Professorship for Educational Technologies for Digital Transformation; Enterprise-wide Software Systems; Technical Informatics; Human-Computer Interaction; Theoretical Computer Science; Artificial Intelligence Group, etc.

3. Humanities and Social Sciences (German)

This is among the free online PhD programs in Germany that you’ll focus on analyzing and explaining the mechanisms of action, the history or the level of knowledge in our society from different perspectives.

4. Research at the Faculty of Psychology (German)

Faculty of Psychology has three (3) research topics you can focus on, they include;

  • Psychology of Digitized Education
  • Psychology, diversity and social cohesion
  • forensic psychology

5. Faculty of Business Administration and Economics (German)

Some of the research topics provided through the Faculty of Business Administration and Economics include Douglas Endowed Chair for Service Management; Investment Theory and Business Valuation; Production and Logistics; Quantitative Methods and Business Mathematics; International Economy, Empiricism of the Foreign Exchange and Financial Markets. etc.

6. Research at the Faculty of Law (German)

FernUniversität in Hagen provides different PhD research topics in 3 Law areas, these areas are Civil Law, Public Law, and Criminal Law.

Questions to Ask Before You Choose Any Online PhD Program

Will this program benefit me and my career.

It’s best to enrol in a PhD program that aligns with our current full-time job, even though there could be a few cases where you want to pursue your passion. Since most PhD programs teach you things you can apply immediately at your work, that’s why it’s important to focus on programs that are in line with your work.

And, don’t say because a program is free or almost free, you can just enrol in it, remember your time is not free.

Is the Flexibility Perfect for Me?

Even though online programs are flexible, it is not fitting for everyone, because you need to be self-motivated to always show up, and now you have so many other responsibilities, some emergencies might even take the particular time you intend to always come to class or perform your research. 

You know doctoral programs can take a minimum of 2½ years and up to 7 years, so be sure that you can balance both, and complete your degree on time.

Conclusion  

You can see that FernUniversität in Hagen is the only school that provides free online PhD programs in Germany through several financial assistance. Be sure if their programs are best for you or better look for other countries that provide the program you need for free or through scholarships.

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ASU honors alum and doctoral candidate Kendon Jung receives Fulbright Award for study in Germany

Photo of Kendon Jung

Kendon Jung, a manager in ASU's Sustainability Practices, received a Fulbright Award to conduct research in Cologne, Germany with Birgit Mager, professor at the TH Köln International School of Design and founder of the Service Design Network. Photo by Rob Ewing/ASU.

Kendon Jung is committed to combating climate change and advancing sustainability through service design for behavioral, organizational and social change.

Jung, currently a PhD candidate in design, environment and the arts at Arizona State University, has been selected to participate in the  Fulbright U.S. Student Program for the 2024–25 academic year. 

Jung received both a bachelor’s degree in sustainable urban dynamics and a master’s degree in higher and post-secondary education from ASU. He is an alumnus of Barrett, The Honors College at ASU. 

The Fulbright program annually awards more than 2,000 grants to support independent study or research, teaching, graduate study or artistic practice abroad. It was founded in 1946 to increase mutual understanding between the United States and other countries through the exchange of people, knowledge and skills. Sponsored by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, it is the largest and most prestigious educational exchange fellowship program in the world.

Jung, who is a manager in ASU’s  Sustainability Practices Office , has begun a 10-month stint in Cologne, Germany to study how service designers advance sustainability. With support from the Fulbright Award he will work with Birgit Mager, professor at the TH Köln International School of Design and founder of the Service Design Network, to interview designers from across the globe.

As a manager in the university’s Zero Waste  initiative for four years, Jung was inspired to use service design to make sustainability tangible, usable, and accessible.

“If we are going to answer (ASU) President Michael Crow’s call to build a ‘fully-sustainable’ university, we have to continue to operate at the highest possible level and create an ecosystem that makes sustainable behaviors second nature for every Sun Devil,” he said.

Jung said his Fulbright Award will allow him to draw on his past experience as a commissioner on the city of Tempe’s  Sustainability and Resilience Commission and further develop his skills facilitating mutual understanding through transdisciplinary collaborations to design solutions to today’s wicked challenges.

“We need climate action now, but we can only move at the speed of trust. And design is a way to help,” he said.

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    TUM Asia doctoral candidate scholarship position: "Digital Twin based Lean Construction Logistics for High-Density-Good Supply and Disposal in Urban Environments". Technical University of Munich | Germany | about 1 month ago. 17.07.2024, Wissenschaftliches Personal We are looking for a PhD candidate for a TUM Asia doctoral candidate scholarship ...

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    Top-ranked German Universities in Embedded Systems. Top 100 Worldwide. Top 250 Worldwide. National Ranking. #101-150 Times Higher Education Young University Rankings. University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU) public Technical University. No. of Students: approx. 20,000 students. Program Fees: € 0 - € 4,000 (per semester)

  6. How to Study a PhD in Germany

    Beyond this, you may be required to pay fees. However, as with all levels of study in Germany, PhD students are also required to make a semester contribution of between €150 to €200 (~US$175-230) for administration and other costs. This means that your main expenses will be the general costs of living in Germany.

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    Applying for a PhD in Germany requires a minimum of eight semesters of academic study, usually a Master's degree or equivalent. Language prerequisites for PhD programs in Germany vary, but many are taught in English, especially structured programs. Financial support options include DAAD grants, stipendiums, and research positions at ...

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    Doing a PhD in Germany (2019, 40 pages) This booklet for (prospective) international doctoral students presents the different options for doing a doctorate in Germany. It explains the formal requirements and gives some practical advice on finding the right supervisor or doctoral programme. It also outlines different sponsorship and funding options.

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    The International Max Planck Research School for Living Matter: from molecules to dynamics is a joint PhD program between the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, the TU Dortmund University, the Ruhr University of Bochum, and the University of Duisburg-Essen, located in the vibrant and multicultural Ruhr Metropolitan Area in Germany.

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    This course will be held in English. This course is intended for master's students. The lecture is held by Prof. Dr. Guillermo Payá Vayá. The exercise is supervised by the research assistants. Entry in the official course directory. Tuesday: 13:15 to 14:45 (Lecture), 15:00 to 16:30 (Exercise)

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    University of Erlangen-Nuremburg. =193. 229. 201-300. University of Münster. =193. =384. 201-300. Information in this table is based on the latest Times Higher Education World University Rankings, QS World University Rankings and Academic Ranking of World Universities.

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